Clinical nutrition / edited on behalf of the Nutrition Society by Michael J. Gibney ... [et al.].

Includes bibliographical references and index.

The stress response to trauma and its effects on metabolism--Nutritional support in perioperative care--Feeding the severely traumatized patient--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--20. Infectious Diseases:- Introduction--Human immunodeficiency virus infection--Tuberculosis--Malaria--Gastrointestinal infections--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--21. Nutritional support in Patients with cancer:- Introduction--Section 1: Wasting syndrome in cancer: Definition and prevalence--Pathophysiology of cancer cachexia--Section II: Nutritional support in cancer: Effect of nutritional support on nutritional status--Effects of nutritional support on clinical outcome--Oral nutritional supplementation--Effects of nutritional support on tumor growth--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--22. Pediatric Nutrition:-Introduction--~Growth--The impact of development on nutrition--Infant feeding--Preschool children--Schoolchildren and adolescents--Undernutrition in children--Nutrition as treatment--Overweight in children: fatness and \'obesity\'--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--23. Cystic Fibrosis:- Introduction--Definition and pathology--Clinical features of cystic fibrosis--Malnutrition in cystic fibrosis--Other nutritional considerations in cystic fibrosis--Nutritional management--Vitamin supplementation in cystic fibrosis--Mineral status in cystic fibrosis--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--24. Water and Electrolytes:- Introduction-- Water, electrolytes, and body composition--Body water distribution--Body electrolyte content: distribution and exchangeable fractions--Intracellular water and the body mass concept--Regulation of body water compartments--Metabolic links: glucose, water, and sodium--Body water compartments in chronic starvation--Impact of acute pathological conditions on the ICW--Body water in acute illness--Water and electrolyte metabolism during refeeding--Implications of water and sodium metabolism in nutrition therapy for specific clinical conditions--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--25. Illustrative Cases:-Introduction--Children--Anorexia of psycholoical origin and refeeding syndrome--Malnutrition inthe older person--Bowel disease--Catabolic illness--Dysphagia--Obesity--Useful weblinks for core nutrition journals--References.

1. Principles of clinical nutrition: Contrasting the practice of nutrition in health and disease:- Introduction--The spectrum of nutritional problems--Nutrient requirements--Management pathways--Persectives on the future--References and further reading--2. Nutritional Assessment:- Introduction--Clinical assessment of nutritional status--Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status--Biochemical indices of nutritional status--Immunologic assessment of nutritional status--Functional tests of malnutrition--Nutritional assessment tools in clinical decision making--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--3. Overnutrition:- Introduction--Etiology--Clinical presentation--Clinical assessment--Treatment approaches--Prevention--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--Websites of interest--4. Undernutrition:- Introduction--Pathophysiology of undernutrition--Pathophysiology of undernutrition complicated by stress--Chronic undernutrition--Undernutrition in elderly individuals--Assessment of undernutrition--Treatment--Potential problems with nutritional supplementation in undernutrition--Prevention--Future perspectives--References and further reading--5. Metabolic Disorders:- Introduction--Energy intake, health and longevity--The plurimetabolic syndrome--Pathophysiology of insulin resistance--Insulin resistance--Role of affluence in diabetes, dyslipidemia, and essential hypertension--Alcohol--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--6. Eating Disorders:- Introduction--Section 1: Anorexia nervosa:- History--Etiology--Clinical features--Epidemiology--Management of anorexia nervosa--Section II: Bulimia nervosa:- History, Etiology--Clinical features--Epidemiology--Management--Comorbidity with physical problems-- Section III: Binge eating disorder:- History--Etiology--Clinical features of BED--Night eating syndrome--Prognosis of eating disorders--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--7. Adverse Reactions to Foods:- Introduction--Food intolerance--Food allergy--Types of food allergy--Patterns of food allergic responses--Diagnostic criteria for food allergy--Food-sensitive enteropathy--Specific food allergies--Multiple food allergy--Scientific background: the basic mechanisms of immune response to dietary antigen--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--8. Nutritional Support:- Introduction Meeting nutritional needs--Oral feeding and oral nutritional supplements--Enteral tube feeding--Drugs and enteral feeding--Parenteral nutrition--Special considerations with nutritional support--Future directions--References and further reading--Useful websites--9. Ethics and Nutrition:- Introduction--A brief history of medical ethics--Medical ethics: the \'four-principles\' approach--Definitions and ethical terms--Some common ethical dilemmas--Can we afford it? The principle of justice--Force-feeding--Conflict between relatives, friends or proxies, and carers--Application of ethical principles to artificial nutritional support: clinical scenarios--Clinical guidelines in ethical care--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--10. The Gastrointestinl Tract:- Introduction--Celiac disease--Tropical enteropathy and tropical sprue--Inflammatory bowel disease--Irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--11. Nutrition in Liver Disease:- Introduction--Diseases of the liver--Laboratory assessment of liver function--Manifestations and complications of cirhosis--Nutritional management in liver disease--Perspectives on the futue--References and further reading--12. Nutrition and the Pancreas:-Introduction--Diabetes mellitus--Nutritional management of type 1 diabetes--Pancreatitis--Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis--Severity scores--Metabolic consequencies of acute pancreatitis--Artificial nutrition--Chronic pancreatitis--Future directions--References and further reading--Websites--13. The Kidney:- Introduction-- Acute renal failure--Chronic renal

failure--Diabetic nephropathy--Nephrotic syndrome--Renal replacement therapy--Transplantation--Future perspectives--References and further reading-- 14. Nutritional and Metabolic Support in Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation:- Introduction--Hematologic malignancies--Rationale for nutritional intervention in hematologic malignancies--Nutritional and metaboic support following HSCT--Perspectives on the future--Further reading--15. The Lung:- Introduction--Prevalence and consequences of weight loss and muscle wasting--Causes of weight loss and muscle wasting--Outcome of nutritional intervention--Acute lung injury--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--16. Nutrition and Immune and Inflammatory Systems:- Introduction--The response of the immune system to activation--The effects of proinflammatory cytokines-- Control systems for cytokines--Damaging and life-threatening effects of cytokines--Influence of malnutrition on key aspects of the cytokine response--Antioxident defenses and their impact on immune and inflammatory systems in patients--Immunomodulatory effects of lipids--Route and content of nutritional provision and immune function and patient outcome--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--17. The Heart and Blood Vessels:- Introduction--Atherosclerosis--Dietary lipids and coronary heart disease--Plasma lipoproteins--lipoprotein metabolism--Other dietary factors and coronary heart disease--Diet and hypertension--Diet and stroke--Diet and peripheral vascular disease--Diet and chronic heart failure--Micronutrients and cardiovascular disease--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading-- 18. Nutritional aspects of Disease Affecting the Skeleton:- Introduction--Overview of mineral ion homeostasis and bone metabolism--Age-appropriate biochemical reference ranges--Pharmaceutical agents commonly used in bone disease--Diagnostic imaging assessment of the skeleton--Rickets/osteomalacia(vitamin D deficiency)--Mineral ion homeostasis in preterm infants--Corticosteroid-induced bone disease--Post-transplant bone disease--Osteoporosis associated with chronic disease--Anorexia nervosa--Senile osteoporosis--Perspectives on the future--References and further reading--19. Nutrition in Surgery and Trauma:- Introduction--

This text focuses solely on the sick and metabolically compromised patient. It complements the text on 'Nutrition and Metabolism' in dealing with clinical nutrition on a system-by-system basis.