Pharmaceutical analysis : a textbook for pharmacy students and pharmaceutical chemists / David G. Watson.

Previous ed.: 1999.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1.Control of the quality of analytical methods:- Introduction--Control of errors in analysis--Accuracy and precision--Validation of analytical procedures--Standard operating procedure (SOP) for the assay of paracetamol tablets--Compound random errors--Reporting of results--Other terms used in the control analytical procedures--Basic calculations in pharmaceutical analysis--Additional problems -- 2.Physical and chemical properties of drug molecules:- Introduction--Calculation of pH value of aqueous solutions of strong and weak acids and bases--Acidic and basic strength and pKa--Henderson-Hasselbalch equation--Ionisation of drug molecules--Buffers--Salt hydrolysis--Activity, ionic strength and dielectric constant--Partition coefficient--Drug stability--Stereochemistry of drugs--Measurement of optical rotation--Profiles of physico-chemical properties of some drug molecules--Additional problems--3. Titrimetric and chemical analysis methods:- Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation and reagents--Direct acid/base titrations in the aqueous phase--Titration of the salts of weak bases in mixed aqueous/non-aqueous media--Indirect titrations in the aqueous phase--Non-aqueous titrations--Argentimetric titrations--Compleximetric titrations--Redox titrations--Iodometric titrations--Ion pair titrations--Diazotisation titrations--Potentiometric titrations--Karl Fischer titration (coulometric end-point detection)--Automation of wet chemical methods--Applications of FIA in pharmaceutical analysis--Additional problems--4. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy:- Keypoints--Introduction--Factors governing absorption of radiation in the UV/visible region--Beer-Lambert Law--Instrumentation--Diode array instruments--Instrument calibration--UV spectra of some representative drug modules--Use of UV/visible spectrophotometry to determine pKa values--~Applications of UV/visible spectrophotometry to pharmaceutical quantitative analysis--Difference spectrophotometry-- Derrivative spectra--Applications of UV/visible spectrophotometry in preformulation and formulation--Additional problems -- 5. Infrared spectrophotometry :- Keypoints--Introduction--Factors determining intensity and energy level of absorption in IR spectra--Instrumentation--Sample preparation--Application of IR spectrophotometry in structure elucidation--Example of IR spectra of drug molecules--IR spectrophotometry as a fingerprint technique--Infrared spectrophotometry as a method for identifying polymorphs--Near-infrared analysis(NIRA)--Key points--Introduction--Examples of NIRA application--Additional problems-- 6.Atomic spectrophotometry:- Atomic emission spectrophotometry: Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Examples of quantitation by AES--Interferences in AES analysis--Assays based on the method of standard additions--Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry: Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Examples of assays using AAS--Some examples of limit tests employing AAS-Inductivity coupled plasma emission spectrophotometry -- 7. Molecular emission spectroscopy:- Fluorescence spectroscopy--Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Molecules which exhibit fluorescence--Factors interfering with fluorescence intensity--Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis--Raman spectroscopy: Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Applications -- 8.Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:- Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Proton NMR--Application of NMR to structure onfirmation in some drug molecules--Carbon-13 NMR--Two dimensional NMR spectra--Application of NMR to quantitive analysis--Other specialised applications of NMR -- 9.Mass spectrometry:- Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Mass spectra obtained under election impact (EI) ionisation conditions--Molecular fragmentation patterns--EI mass spectra of some drug molecules--Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC - MS)--Applications of GC-MS to impurity profiling--Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS)--Some examples of tandem mass spectra--Applications of LC-MS in pharmaceutical analysis -- 10.Chromatographic theory:- Introduction--Void volume and capacity factor--Calculation of column efficiency--Origins of band broadening in HPLC--Parameters used in evaluating column performance--Data acquisition--Report generation -- 11.Gas chromatography :- Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Selectivity of liquid stationary phases--Use of derivatisation in GC--Summary of paramaters governing capillary GC performance--GC detectors-- Applications of GCin quantitative analysis--Determination of manufacturing and degradation residues by GC--Determination of residual solvents--Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)--Applications of GC in bioanalysis--Additional problems-- 12.High-pressure liquid chromatography:- Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Stationary and mobile phases--Structural factors which govern rate of elution of compounds from HPLC columns--More advanced consieration of solvent selectivity in reverse-phase chromatography--Summary of stationary phases used in HPLC--A more advanced consideration of reverse-phase stationery phases--Summary of detectors used in HPLC--Performance of a diode array detector (DAD)-- Applications of HPLC to the quantitative analysis of drugs in formulations--Assays involving more specialised HPLC techniques--Additional problems -- 13.Thin layer chromatography :- Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--TLC chromatogram--Stationary phases-- Elutropic series and mobile phases--Modification of TLC adsorbant--Detection of compounds on TLC plates following development--Applications of TLC analysis--High-performance TLC (HPTLC)-- 14.High-performance capillary electrophoresis:- Keypoints--Introduction--Instrumentation--Control of separation--Applications of CE in pharmaceutical analysis--Additional problems -- 15.Extraction methods in pharmaceutical analysis:- Keypoints--Introduction--Commonly used excipients in formulations--Solvent extraction methods--Solid-phase extraction (SPE)--Keypoints--Introduction--Methodology--Types of adsorbants used in SPE--Adaptation of SPE for automated on-ine extraction prior to HPLC analysis--Recent developments in solid-phase and on-line extraction.

'Pharmaceutical Analysis' is aimed primarily at pharmacy students and pharmaceutical chemists. It highlights the most important aspects of a wide range of techniques used in the control of the quality of pharmaceuticals.