Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured/ by Andrew Pollack; Benjamin Gulli; Les Chatelain and Chris Stratford Editors

Section 1: Preparing to be an EMT-B
1 (207)
Introduction to Emergency Medical Care
2 (20)
Introduction to Emergency Medical Care
4 (1)
Course Description
4 (1)
EMT-B Training: Focus and Requirements
5 (1)
Certification Requirements
6 (1)
Overview of the Emergency Medical Services System
7 (1)
History of EMS
7 (1)
Levels of Training
8 (3)
Public Basic Life Support and Immediate Aid
8 (1)
First Responders
9 (1)
EMT-Basic
9 (1)
EMT-Intermediate
10 (1)
EMT-Paramedic
10 (1)
Components of the EMS System
11 (5)
Access
11 (1)
Administration and Policy
12 (1)
Medical Direction and Control
12 (1)
Quality Control and Improvement
13 (1)
Other Physician Input
13 (1)
Regulation
13 (1)
Equipment
13 (1)
The Ambulance
14 (1)
Transport to Specialty Centers
14 (1)
Inferfacility Transports
14 (1)
Working With Hospital Staff
15 (1)
Working With Public Safety Agencies
15 (1)
Training
15 (1)
Providing a Coordinated Continuum of Care
16 (1)
Roles and Responsibilities of the EMT-B
16 (2)
Professional Attributes
16 (2)
Continuing Education
18 (1)
Prep Kit
19 (3)
The Well-Being of the EMT-B
22 (48)
The Well-Being of the EMT-B
24 (1)
Emotional Aspects of Emergency Care
24 (1)
Death and Dying
25 (4)
The Grieving Process
26 (1)
What Can the EMT-B Do?
26 (1)
Dealing With the Patient and Family Members
27 (1)
Initial Care of the Dying, Critically III, or Injured Patient
27 (1)
Anxiety
27 (1)
Pain and Fear
28 (1)
Anger and Hostility
28 (1)
Depression
28 (1)
Dependency
28 (1)
Guilt
28 (1)
Mental Health Problems
28 (1)
Receiving Unrelated Bad News
29 (1)
Caring for Critically Ill and Injured Patients
29 (2)
Avoid Sad and Grim Comments
29 (1)
Orient the Patient
29 (1)
Be Honest
30 (1)
Initial Refusal of Care
30 (1)
Allow for Hope
30 (1)
Locate and Notify Family Members
30 (1)
Injured and Critically III Children
30 (1)
Dealing With the Death of a Child
30 (1)
Helping the Family
30 (1)
Stressful Situations
31 (1)
Uncertain Situations
32 (1)
Stress Warning Signs and the Work Environment
32 (6)
Stress and Nutrition
34 (1)
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
35 (1)
Stress Management
35 (1)
Lifestyle Changes
36 (1)
Nutrition
36 (1)
Exercise and Relaxation
37 (1)
Balancing Work, Family, and Health
37 (1)
Workplace Issues
38 (3)
Cultural Diversity on the Job
38 (1)
Your Effectiveness as an EMT-B
38 (1)
Avoiding Sexual Harassment
39 (1)
Substance Abuse
40 (1)
Scene Safety and Personal Protection
41 (1)
Communicable Diseases
42 (1)
Routes of Transmission
42 (1)
Risk Reduction and Prevention
43 (5)
Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation
43 (1)
Proper Hand Washing
44 (1)
Gloves and Eye Protection
44 (1)
Gowns and Masks
45 (1)
Masks, Respirators, and Barrier Devices
46 (1)
Proper Disposal of Sharps
47 (1)
Employer Responsibilities
47 (1)
Personal Protective Equipment
48 (1)
Exposure Control Plan
48 (1)
Immunity
48 (2)
Immunizations
48 (2)
Duty to Act
50 (1)
Some Diseases of Special Concern
51 (4)
Herpes Simplex
51 (1)
HIV Infection
51 (1)
Hepatitis
51 (1)
Meningitis
52 (1)
Tuberculosis
53 (1)
Other Diseases of Concern
54 (1)
Syphilis
54 (1)
Whooping Cough
54 (1)
Newly Recognized Diseases
54 (1)
General Postexposure Management
55 (1)
Establishing an Infection Control Routine
55 (1)
Scene Hazards
56 (4)
Hazardous Materials
56 (2)
Electricity
58 (1)
Power Lines
58 (1)
Lightning
58 (1)
Fire
59 (1)
Protective Clothing: Preventing Injury
60 (3)
Cold Weather Clothing
60 (1)
Turnout Gear
60 (1)
Gloves
61 (1)
Helmets
61 (1)
Boots
62 (1)
Eye Protection
62 (1)
Ear Protection
63 (1)
Skin Protection
63 (1)
Body Armor
63 (1)
Violent Situations
63 (1)
Behavioral Emergencies
64 (2)
Prep Kit
66 (4)
Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues
70 (20)
Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues
72 (1)
Scope of Practice
72 (1)
Standards of Care
72 (2)
Standards Imposed by Local Custom
72 (1)
Standards Imposed by Law
73 (1)
Professional or Institutional Standards
73 (1)
Standards Imposed by States
74 (1)
Medical Practices Act
74 (1)
Certification
74 (1)
Duty to Act
74 (1)
Negligence
74 (1)
Abandonment
75 (1)
Consent
75 (2)
Expressed Consent
75 (1)
Implied Consent
75 (1)
Minors and Consent
76 (1)
Mentally Incompetent Adults
76 (1)
Forcible Restraint
76 (1)
Assault and Battery
77 (1)
The Right to Refuse Treatment
77 (1)
Good Samaritan Laws and Immunity
78 (1)
Advance Directives
79 (1)
Ethical Responsibilities
79 (1)
Confidentiality
80 (1)
HIPAA
81 (1)
Records and Reports
81 (1)
Special Reporting Requirements
81 (1)
Abuse of Children, Older Persons, and Others
81 (1)
Injury During the Commission of a Felony
82 (1)
Drug-Related Injuries
82 (1)
Childbirth
82 (1)
Other Reporting Requirements
82 (1)
Scene of a Crime
82 (1)
The Deceased
82 (1)
Physical Signs of Death
82 (2)
Presumptive Signs of Death
83 (1)
Definitive Signs of Death
83 (1)
Medical Examiner Cases
83 (1)
Special Situations
84 (2)
Organ Donors
84 (1)
Medical Identification Insignia
84 (2)
Prep Kit
86 (4)
The Human Body
90 (54)
The Human Body
92 (1)
Topographic Anatomy
92 (4)
The Planes of the Body
92 (1)
Anterior and Posterior
92 (1)
Midline
92 (1)
Midclavicular Line
92 (1)
Midaxillary Line
93 (1)
Directional Terms
93 (1)
Right and Left
93 (1)
Superior and Inferior
93 (1)
Lateral and Medial
93 (1)
Proximal and Distal
93 (1)
Superficial and Deep
93 (1)
Ventral and Dorsal
93 (1)
Palmar and Plantar
94 (1)
Apex
94 (1)
Movement Terms
94 (1)
Other Directional Terms
94 (1)
Anatomic Positions
95 (1)
Prone and Supine
95 (1)
Fowler's Position
95 (1)
Trendelenburg's Position
96 (1)
Shock Position
96 (1)
The Skeletal System
96 (13)
The Skull
96 (1)
The Neck
97 (2)
The Spinal Column
99 (1)
The Thorax
100 (1)
Anterior Aspects
100 (1)
Posterior Aspects
100 (1)
Diaphragm
101 (1)
Organs and Vascular Structures
101 (1)
Anatomic Landmarks
102 (1)
The Abdomen
102 (1)
Organs and Vascular Structures
102 (2)
Anatomic Landmarks
104 (1)
The Pelvis
104 (1)
Anterior Aspects
105 (1)
Posterior Aspects
105 (1)
The Lower Extremity
105 (1)
Thigh
105 (1)
Knee
106 (1)
Leg
106 (1)
Ankle and Foot
106 (1)
The Upper Extremity
107 (1)
Shoulder Girdle
107 (1)
Arm
107 (1)
Forearm
108 (1)
Wrist and Hand
108 (1)
Joints
108 (1)
The Musculoskeletal System
109 (2)
Skeletal Muscle
110 (1)
Smooth Muscle
111 (1)
Cardiac Muscle
111 (1)
The Respiratory System
112 (6)
The Upper Airway
112 (1)
The Lower Airway
113 (1)
Lungs
113 (1)
Diaphragm
114 (1)
Respiratory Physiology
115 (1)
The Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
115 (1)
The Control of Breathing
116 (1)
Characteristics of Normal Breathing
117 (1)
Inadequate Breathing Patterns in Adults
118 (1)
The Circulatory System
118 (7)
Heart
119 (1)
How the Heart Works
120 (1)
Normal Heartbeat
121 (1)
Electrical Conduction System
121 (1)
Arteries
121 (2)
Capillaries
123 (1)
Veins
123 (1)
The Spleen
123 (1)
Components of Blood
123 (1)
Physiology of the Circulatory System
124 (1)
Normal Circulation in Adults
125 (1)
Inadequate Circulation in Adults
125 (1)
The Nervous System
125 (4)
The Central Nervous System
126 (1)
Organs and Vascular Structures
126 (1)
Brain
126 (1)
Spinal Cord
127 (1)
Connecting Nerves
127 (1)
The Peripheral Nervous System
128 (1)
Sensory Nerves
128 (1)
Motor Nerves
128 (1)
The Skin
129 (1)
Functions of the Skin
129 (1)
Anatomy of the Skin
129 (1)
The Endocrine System
130 (1)
The Digestive System
131 (3)
How Digestion Works
131 (2)
Anatomy of the Digestive System
133 (1)
Mouth
133 (1)
Salivary Glands
133 (1)
Oropharynx
133 (1)
Esophagus
133 (1)
Stomach
133 (1)
Pancreas
133 (1)
Liver
133 (1)
Bile Ducts
133 (1)
Small Intestine
134 (1)
Large Intestine
134 (1)
Appendix
134 (1)
Rectum
134 (1)
The Urinary System
134 (1)
The Genital System
135 (3)
The Male Reproductive System and Organs
135 (1)
The Female Reproductive System and Organs
135 (3)
Prep Kit
138 (6)
Baseline Vital Signs and SAMPLE History
144 (24)
Baseline Vital Signs and SAMPLE History
146 (1)
Gathering Key Patient Information
146 (1)
Chief Complaint
147 (1)
Obtaining a SAMPLE History
148 (1)
OPQRST
148 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
149 (13)
Respirations
149 (1)
Rate
150 (1)
Quality
150 (2)
Depth
152 (1)
Pulse Oximetry
152 (1)
Pulse
152 (1)
Rate
153 (1)
Strength
154 (1)
Regularity
154 (1)
The Skin
154 (1)
Color
154 (1)
Temperature
155 (1)
Moisture
155 (1)
Capillary Refill
155 (1)
Blood Pressure
156 (1)
Equipment for Measuring Blood Pressure
157 (1)
Auscultation
157 (1)
Palpation
158 (1)
Normal Blood Pressure
158 (2)
Level of Consciousness
160 (1)
Pupils
160 (2)
Reassessment of the Vital Signs
162 (2)
Prep Kit
164 (4)
Lifting and Moving Patients
168 (40)
Lifting and Moving Patients
170 (1)
Moving and Positioning the Patient
170 (1)
Body Mechanics
171 (3)
Anatomy Review
171 (3)
Weight and Distribution
174 (5)
Directions and Commands
179 (3)
Additional Lifting and Carrying Guidelines
180 (2)
Principles of Safe Reaching and Pulling
182 (2)
General Considerations
184 (1)
Emergency Moves
184 (2)
Urgent Moves
186 (4)
Rapid Extrication Technique
186 (4)
Nonurgent Moves
190 (5)
Direct Ground Lift
190 (1)
Extremity Lift
191 (1)
Transfer Moves
192 (1)
Direct Carry
192 (1)
Draw Sheet Method
193 (1)
Other Carries
193 (2)
Geriatrics
195 (1)
Bariatrics
196 (1)
Patient-Moving Equipment
197 (7)
The Wheeled Ambulance Stretcher
197 (1)
Features
197 (1)
Moving the Cot
198 (2)
Portable/Folding Stretchers
200 (1)
Flexible Stretchers
200 (1)
Backboards
201 (1)
Basket Stretchers
202 (1)
Scoop Stretcher
202 (1)
Stair Chairs
203 (1)
Decontamination
203 (1)
Prep Kit
204 (4)
Section 2: Airway
208 (48)
Airway
210 (46)
Airway
214 (1)
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
214 (3)
Structures of the Airway
214 (2)
Structures of Breathing
216 (1)
Inhalation
216 (1)
Exhalation
216 (1)
Physiology of the Respiratory System
217 (4)
The Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
218 (1)
The Control of Breathing
218 (1)
Hypoxia
219 (2)
Patient Assessment
221 (2)
Recognizing Adequate Breathing
221 (1)
Recognizing Inadequate Breathing
221 (2)
Opening the Airway
223 (3)
Head Tilt-Chin Lift Maneuver
224 (1)
Jaw-Thrust Maneuver
225 (1)
Basic Airway Adjuncts
226 (5)
Oropharyngeal Airways
226 (1)
Nasopharyngeal Airways
227 (4)
Suctioning
231 (3)
Suctioning Equipment
231 (1)
Techniques of Suctioning
232 (2)
Maintaining the Airway
234 (1)
Supplemental Oxygen
234 (6)
Supplemental Oxygen Equipment
235 (1)
Oxygen Cylinders
235 (1)
Safety Considerations
235 (1)
Pin-Indexing System
236 (1)
Pressure Regulators
237 (1)
Humidification
237 (1)
Flowmeters
237 (1)
Operating Procedures
238 (2)
Hazards of Supplemental Oxygen
240 (1)
Oxygen-Delivery Equipment
240 (1)
Nonrebreathing Mask
240 (1)
Nasal Cannula
241 (1)
Assisted and Artificial Ventilation
241 (7)
Mouth-to-Mouth and Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation
242 (2)
The BVM Device
244 (1)
Components
244 (1)
Technique
245 (2)
Flow-Restricted, Oxygen-Powered Ventilation Devices
247 (1)
Components
247 (1)
Special Considerations
248 (1)
Gastric Distention
248 (1)
Stomas and Tracheostomy Tubes
248 (1)
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
249 (3)
Recognition
249 (1)
Emergency Medical Care for Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
250 (1)
Dental Appliances
251 (1)
Facial Bleeding
251 (1)
Prep Kit
252 (4)
Section 3: Patient Assessment
256 (84)
Patient Assessment
258 (56)
About This Chapter
263 (2)
Patient Assessment
263 (2)
Scene Size-up
265 (6)
Body Substance Isolation
265 (1)
Scene Safety
265 (1)
Personal Protection
266 (1)
Making an Unsafe Scene Safe
266 (1)
Consider Mechanism of Injury/Nature of Illness
267 (1)
Mechanism of Injury
267 (1)
Nature of Illness
267 (1)
The Importance of MOI and NOI
268 (1)
Determine the Number of Patients
268 (1)
Consider Additional Resources
268 (1)
Consider C-Spine Immobilization
269 (2)
Initial Assessment
271 (12)
General Impression
271 (1)
Introduce Yourself and Ask Permission to Treat
271 (1)
Obtain Consent to Care for the Patient
272 (1)
Determine the Chief Complaint
272 (2)
Assess Mental Status
274 (1)
Assess the Airway
275 (1)
Responsive Patients
275 (1)
Unresponsive Patients
275 (1)
Spinal Considerations
275 (1)
Assess Breathing
276 (1)
Assess Circulation
277 (1)
Assess the Pulse
277 (1)
Assess and Control External Bleeding
278 (1)
Assess Perfusion
278 (1)
Identify Priority Patients and Make Transport Decisions
279 (4)
Focused History and Physical Exam
283 (10)
Rapid Physical Exam
283 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
284 (5)
Physical Exam Techniques
289 (1)
Head, Neck, and Cervical Spine
289 (1)
Chest and Breath Sounds
289 (1)
Abdomen
290 (1)
Pelvis
290 (1)
Extremities
290 (1)
Posterior Body
291 (1)
Steps in a Focused History and Physical Exam
291 (2)
Focused History and Physical Exam
293 (2)
Trauma Patients With a Significant MOI
293 (1)
Rapid Trauma Assessment
293 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
293 (1)
SAMPLE History
293 (1)
Reevaluate Transport Decision
293 (1)
Trauma Patients With No Significant MOI
293 (1)
Focused Trauma Assessment Based on Chief Complaint
293 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
293 (1)
SAMPLE History
293 (1)
Reevaluate Transport Decision
293 (2)
Focused History and Physical Exam
295 (4)
Medical Patients Who Are Responsive
295 (1)
History of Illness
295 (1)
SAMPLE History
295 (1)
Focused Medical Assessment Based on Chief Complaint
295 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
296 (1)
Reevaluate Transport Decision
296 (1)
Medical Patients Who Are Unresponsive
296 (1)
Rapid Medical Assessment
296 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
296 (1)
SAMPLE History
296 (1)
Reevaluate Transport Decision
297 (1)
Tying It Together
297 (2)
Detailed Physical Exam
299 (2)
Perform the Detailed Physical Exam
299 (1)
Head, Neck, and Cervical Spine
300 (1)
Chest
300 (4)
Abdomen
304 (1)
Pelvis
304 (1)
Extremities
304 (1)
Back
304 (1)
Reassess Vital Signs
304 (3)
Ongoing Assessment
307 (1)
Repeat the Initial Assessment
307 (1)
Reassess and Record Vital Signs
307 (1)
Repeat the Focused Assessment
308 (1)
Check Interventions
308 (2)
Prep Kit
310 (4)
Communications and Documentation
314 (26)
Communications and Documentation
316 (1)
Communications Systems and Equipment
316 (3)
Base Station Radios
316 (1)
Mobile and Portable Radios
317 (1)
Repeater-Based Systems
317 (1)
Digital Equipment
318 (1)
Cellular Telephones
318 (1)
Other Communications Equipment
319 (1)
Radio Communications
319 (7)
Responding to the Scene
320 (1)
Communicating With Medical Control and Hospitals
321 (1)
Giving the Patient Report
322 (1)
The Role of Medical Control
322 (2)
Calling Medical Control
324 (1)
Information About Special Situations
324 (1)
Standard Procedures and Protocols
324 (1)
Reporting Requirements
325 (1)
Maintenance of Radio Equipment
326 (1)
Verbal Communications
326 (6)
Communicating With Other Health Care Professionals
326 (1)
Communicating With Patients
327 (1)
Communicating With Older Patients
328 (2)
Communicating With Children
330 (1)
Communicating With Hearing-Impaired Patients
330 (1)
Communicating With Visually Impaired Patients
331 (1)
Communicating With Non-English-Speaking Patients
331 (1)
Written Communications and Documentation
332 (6)
Data Collection
332 (1)
Prehospital Care Report
332 (3)
Types of Forms
335 (1)
Reporting Errors
335 (1)
Documenting Refusal of Care
336 (1)
Special Reporting Situations
336 (2)
Prep Kit
338 (2)
Section 4: Medical Emergencies
340 (288)
General Pharmacology
342 (22)
General Pharmacology
344 (1)
How Medications Work
344 (2)
Medication Names
344 (1)
Routes of Administration
345 (1)
Medication Forms
346 (3)
Tablets and Capsules
346 (1)
Solutions and Suspensions
347 (1)
Metered-Dose Inhalers
347 (1)
Topical Medications
348 (1)
Transcutaneous Medications
348 (1)
Gels
348 (1)
Gases for Inhalation
348 (1)
Medications Carried on the EMS Unit
349 (3)
Oxygen
349 (1)
Activated Charcoal
350 (1)
Oral Glucose
350 (1)
Aspirin
351 (1)
Epinephrine
351 (1)
Administering Epinephrine by Injection
351 (1)
Patient-Assisted Medications
352 (3)
Epinephrine
353 (1)
MDI Medications
353 (1)
Administering Epinephrine by MDI
354 (1)
Nitroglycerin
354 (1)
Administering Nitroglycerin by Tablet
355 (1)
Administering Nitroglycerin by Metered-Dose Spray
355 (1)
General Steps in Administering Medication
355 (2)
Patient Medications
357 (4)
Prep Kit
361 (3)
Respiratory Emergencies
364 (34)
Respiratory Emergencies
366 (1)
Lung Structure and Function
366 (2)
Causes of Dyspnea
368 (9)
Upper or Lower Airway Infection
369 (1)
Acute Pulmonary Edema
369 (3)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
372 (1)
Asthma
373 (1)
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
373 (1)
Anaphylactic Reactions
374 (1)
Hay Fever
374 (1)
Pleural Effusions
374 (1)
Mechanical Obstruction of the Airway
375 (1)
Pulmonary Embolism
375 (1)
Hyperventilation Syndrome
376 (1)
Assessment of the Patient in Respiratory Distress
377 (7)
Scene Size-up
377 (1)
Initial Assessment
378 (1)
General Impression
378 (1)
Airway and Breathing
378 (1)
Circulation
379 (1)
Transport Decision
379 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
380 (1)
SAMPLE History
380 (1)
Focused Medical Exam
381 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
382 (1)
Interventions
383 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
384 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
384 (1)
Communications and Documentation
384 (1)
Emergency Care of Respiratory Emergencies
384 (4)
Supplemental Oxygen
385 (1)
Prescribed Inhalers
385 (1)
Administration of a Metered-Dose Inhaler
386 (2)
Treatment of Specific Conditions
388 (6)
Infection of the Upper or Lower Airway
388 (1)
Acute Pulmonary Edema
389 (1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
389 (1)
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
389 (1)
Asthma
389 (1)
Pleural Effusions
390 (1)
Obstruction of the Upper Airway
390 (1)
Pulmonary Embolism
390 (1)
Hyperventilation
390 (4)
Prep Kit
394 (4)
Cardiovascular Emergencies
398 (40)
Cardiovascular Emergencies
402 (1)
Cardiac Structure and Function
402 (2)
Circulation
403 (1)
Cardiac Compromise
404 (8)
Atherosclerosis
405 (3)
Angina Pectoris
408 (1)
Heart Attack
408 (1)
Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attack
408 (1)
The Pain of Heart Attack
409 (1)
Physical Findings of AMI and Cardiac Compromise
409 (1)
Consequences of Heart Attack
409 (1)
Sudden Death
409 (1)
Cardiogenic Shock
410 (2)
Congestive Heart Failure
412 (1)
Assessment of the Patient With Chest Pain
412 (6)
Scene Size-up
412 (1)
Initial Assessment
413 (1)
General Impression
413 (1)
Airway and Breathing
413 (1)
Circulation
413 (1)
Transport Decision
413 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
414 (1)
SAMPLE History
414 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
414 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
414 (1)
Communication
415 (1)
INterventions
415 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
416 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
416 (2)
Communication and Documentation
418 (1)
Heart Surgeries and Pacemakers
418 (2)
Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators
419 (1)
Cardiac Arrest
420 (4)
Automated External Defibrillation
420 (2)
Rationale for Early Defibrillation
422 (1)
Integrating the AED and CPR
422 (1)
AED Maintenance
423 (1)
Medical Direction
424 (1)
Emergency Care for Cardiac Arrest
424 (10)
Preparation
424 (2)
Performing Defibrillation
426 (1)
After AED Shocks
427 (1)
Cardiac Arrest During Transport
427 (2)
Coordination With ALS
429 (5)
Prep Kit
434 (4)
Neurologic Emergencies
438 (26)
Neurologic Emergencies
440 (1)
Brain Structure and Function
440 (1)
Common Causes of Brain Disorder
441 (1)
Stroke
442 (8)
Types of Stroke
442 (1)
Hemorrhagic Stroke
442 (1)
Ischemic Stroke
443 (1)
Transient Ischemic Attack
443 (1)
Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
444 (1)
Left Hemisphere Problems
444 (1)
Right Hemisphere Problems
444 (1)
Bleeding in the Brain
444 (1)
Other Conditions
444 (1)
Assessment of the Stroke Patient
445 (1)
Scene Size-up
445 (1)
Initial Assessment
445 (1)
General Impression
445 (1)
Airway and Breathing
445 (1)
Circulation
446 (1)
Transport Decision
446 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
446 (1)
SAMPLE History
447 (1)
Focused Physical Exam (Responsive Patients)
448 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
448 (1)
Interventions
449 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
449 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
449 (1)
Communication and Documentation
449 (1)
Definitive Care for the Patient Who Has Had a Stroke
449 (1)
Seizures
450 (6)
Types of Seizures
450 (1)
Signs and Symptoms
451 (1)
Causes of Seizures
451 (1)
The Importance of Recognizing Seizures
452 (1)
The Postictal State
452 (1)
Assessing the Seizure Patient
453 (1)
Scene Size-up
453 (1)
Initial Assessment
453 (1)
General Impression
453 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
453 (1)
Transport Decision
454 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
454 (1)
SAMPLE History
455 (1)
Focused Physical Exam (Responsive Medical Patients)
455 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
455 (1)
Interventions
455 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
455 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
455 (1)
Communication and Documentation
456 (1)
Definitive Care for the Patient Who Has Had a Seizure
456 (1)
Altered Mental Status
456 (5)
Causes of Altered Mental Status
457 (1)
Hypoglycemia
457 (1)
Other Causes of Altered Mental Status
457 (1)
Assessment of the Patient With Altered Mental Status
458 (3)
Prep Kit
461 (3)
The Acute Abdomen
464 (16)
The Acute Abdomen
466 (1)
The Physiology of the Abdomen
466 (1)
Causes of Abdominal Pain
467 (3)
Digestive System
467 (1)
Urinary System
468 (1)
Uterus and Ovaries
468 (1)
Other Organ Systems
469 (1)
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Abdomen
470 (1)
Assessment of the Patient With Acute Abdomen
471 (3)
Scene Size-up
471 (1)
Initial Assessment
471 (1)
General Impression
471 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
471 (1)
Transport Decision
471 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
471 (1)
SAMPLE History
472 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
472 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
473 (1)
Interventions
473 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
473 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
474 (1)
Communication and Documentation
474 (1)
Emergency Care
474 (3)
Prep Kit
477 (3)
Diabetic Emergencies
480 (18)
Diabetic Emergencies
482 (1)
Diabetes
482 (5)
Defining Diabetes
482 (1)
Types of Diabetes
482 (1)
The Role of Glucose and Insulin
483 (1)
Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
484 (1)
Diabetic Coma
485 (1)
Insulin Shock
485 (2)
Assessment of the Diabetic Patient
487 (3)
Scene Size-up
487 (1)
Initial Assessment
487 (1)
General Impression
487 (1)
Airway and Breathing
487 (1)
Circulation
487 (1)
Transport Decision
487 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
487 (1)
SAMPLE History
488 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
488 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
488 (1)
Interventions
488 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
489 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
490 (1)
Communication and Documentation
490 (1)
Emergency Care of Diabetic Emergencies
490 (2)
Giving Oral Glucose
490 (2)
Complications of Diabetes
492 (1)
Medical Complications
492 (1)
Associated Problems
492 (3)
Seizures
492 (1)
Altered Mental Status
492 (1)
Alcoholism
492 (1)
Relationship to Airway Management
493 (2)
Prep Kit
495 (3)
Allergic Reactions and Envenomations
498 (18)
Allergic Reactions
500 (3)
Insect Stings
501 (2)
Anaphylactic Reaction to Stings
503 (1)
Assessment of a Patient With an Allergic Reaction
503 (4)
Scene Size-up
503 (1)
Initial Assessment
503 (1)
General Impression
503 (1)
Airway and Breathing
504 (1)
Circulation
504 (1)
Transport Decision
505 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
505 (1)
SAMPLE History
505 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
505 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
506 (1)
Interventions
506 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
506 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
506 (1)
Communication and Documentation
507 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
507 (7)
Prep Kit
514 (2)
Substance Abuse and Poisoning
516 (26)
Substance Abuse and Poisoning
518 (1)
Identifying the Patient and the Poison
518 (2)
How Poisons Get Into the Body
520 (4)
Inhaled Poisons
520 (1)
Absorbed and Surface Contact Poisons
521 (1)
Ingested Poisons
522 (1)
Injected Poisons
523 (1)
Assessment of the Poisoned Patient
524 (3)
Scene Size-up
524 (1)
Initial Assessment
525 (1)
General Impression
525 (1)
Airway and Breathing
525 (1)
Circulation
525 (1)
Transport Decision
525 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
526 (1)
SAMPLE History
526 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
526 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
526 (1)
Interventions
526 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
527 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
527 (1)
Communication and Documentation
527 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
527 (1)
Specific Poisons
528 (6)
Alcohol
528 (1)
Opioids
529 (1)
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
530 (1)
Abused Inhalants
530 (1)
Sympathomimetics
531 (1)
Marijuana
532 (1)
Hallucinogens
532 (1)
Anticholinergic Agents
532 (1)
Cholinergic Agents
533 (1)
Miscellaneous Drugs
533 (1)
Food Poisoning
534 (1)
Plant Poisoning
535 (4)
Prep Kit
539 (3)
Environmental Emergencies
542 (40)
Environmental Emergencies
544 (1)
Factors Affecting Exposure
544 (1)
Cold Exposure
545 (3)
Hypothermia
546 (1)
Signs and Symptoms
546 (2)
Assessment of Cold Injuries
548 (2)
Scene Size-up
548 (1)
Initial Assessment
548 (1)
General Impression
548 (1)
Airway and Breathing
548 (1)
Circulation
548 (1)
Transport Decision
548 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
549 (1)
SAMPLE History
549 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
549 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
549 (1)
Interventions
549 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
550 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
550 (1)
Communication and Documentation
550 (1)
Management of Cold Exposure in a Sick or Injured Person
550 (3)
Local Cold Injuries
551 (1)
Frostnip and Immersion Foot
551 (1)
Frostbite
552 (1)
Emergency Medical Care and Local Cold Injury
552 (1)
Cold Exposure and You
553 (1)
Heat Exposure
553 (5)
Heat Cramps
554 (1)
Heat Exhaustion
555 (3)
Assessment of Heat Injuries
558 (2)
Scene Size-up
558 (1)
Initial Assessment
558 (1)
General Impression
558 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
558 (1)
Transport Decision
559 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
559 (1)
SAMPLE History
559 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
559 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
559 (1)
Interventions
559 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
559 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
559 (1)
Communication and Documentation
559 (1)
Drowning and Near Drowning
560 (4)
Spinal Injuries in Submersion Incidents
562 (1)
Recovery Techniques
562 (1)
Resuscitation Efforts
562 (2)
Diving Emergencies
564 (1)
Descent Emergencies
564 (1)
Emergencies at the Bottom
564 (1)
Ascent Emergencies
564 (1)
Air Embolism
564 (1)
Decompression Sickness
564 (1)
Assessment of Drowning and Diving Emergencies
565 (2)
Scene Size-up
565 (1)
Initial Assessment
565 (1)
General Impression
565 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
565 (1)
Transport Decision
566 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
566 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam
566 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
566 (1)
SAMPLE History
566 (1)
Drowning Interventions
566 (1)
Diving Interventions
567 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
567 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
567 (1)
Communication and Documentation
567 (1)
Other Water Hazards
567 (1)
Prevention
568 (1)
Lightning
568 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
568 (1)
Bites and Envenomations
569 (5)
Spider Bites
569 (1)
Black Widow Spider
569 (1)
Brown Recluse Spider
570 (1)
Snake Bites
570 (1)
Pit Vipers
571 (2)
Coral Snakes
573 (1)
Scorpion Stings
573 (1)
Tick Bites
574 (1)
Injuries From Marine Animals
574 (5)
Prep Kit
579 (3)
Behavioral Emergencies
582 (16)
Behavioral Emergencies
584 (1)
Myth and Reality
584 (1)
Defining Behavioral Emergencies
584 (1)
The Magnitude of Mental Health Problems
585 (2)
Pathology: Causes of Behavioral Emergencies
586 (1)
Safe Approach to a Behavioral Emergency
586 (1)
Assessment of a Behavioral Emergency
587 (3)
Scene Size-up
587 (1)
Initial Assessment
587 (1)
General Impression
587 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
587 (1)
Transport Decision
588 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
588 (1)
SAMPLE History
588 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
589 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
589 (1)
Interventions
589 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
589 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
589 (1)
Communication and Documentation
590 (1)
Suicide
590 (1)
Medicolegal Considerations
591 (3)
Consent
591 (1)
Limited Legal Authority
591 (1)
Restraint
592 (2)
The Potentially Violent Patient
594 (2)
Prep Kit
596 (2)
Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies
598 (30)
Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies
600 (1)
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
600 (2)
Stages of Labor
602 (1)
Emergencies Before Delivery
603 (1)
Assessment
604 (2)
Scene Size-up
604 (1)
Initial Assessment
604 (1)
General Impression
604 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
605 (1)
Transport Decision
605 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
605 (1)
SAMPLE History
605 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
605 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
606 (1)
Interventions
606 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
606 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
606 (1)
Communication and Documentation
606 (1)
Emergency Care
606 (8)
Preparing for Delivery
606 (2)
Patient Position
608 (1)
Preparing the Delivery Field
608 (1)
Delivering the Baby
608 (1)
Delivering the Head
609 (2)
Unruptured Amniotic Sac
611 (1)
Umbilical Cord Around the Neck
611 (1)
Delivering the Body
611 (1)
Postdelivery Care
612 (1)
Delivery of the Placenta
613 (1)
Neonatal Evaluation and Resuscitation
614 (2)
Abnormal or Complicated Delivery Emergencies
616 (6)
Breech Delivery
616 (2)
Rare Presentations
618 (1)
Excessive Bleeding
619 (1)
Spina Bifida
619 (1)
Abortion (Miscarriage)
619 (1)
Twins
620 (1)
Delivering an Infant of an Addicted Mother
620 (1)
Premature Infant
620 (1)
Fetal Demise
621 (1)
Delivery Without Sterile Supplies
622 (1)
Gynecologic Emergencies
622 (1)
Prep Kit
622 (6)
Section 5: Trauma
628 (284)
Kinematics of Trauma
630 (18)
Kinematics of Trauma
632 (1)
Energy and Trauma
632 (1)
Blunt and Penetrating Trauma
633 (1)
MOI Profiles
633 (1)
Blunt Trauma
634 (7)
Blunt Trauma: Vehicular Collisions
634 (3)
Frontal Collisions
637 (2)
Rear-End Collisions
639 (1)
Lateral Collisions
639 (1)
Rollover Crashes
640 (1)
Spins
641 (1)
Car Versus Pedestrian
641 (1)
Falls
641 (2)
Penetrating Trauma
643 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology
644 (2)
Injuries to the Head
644 (1)
Injuries to the Neck and Throat
644 (1)
Injuries to the Chest
645 (1)
Abdominal Injuries
645 (1)
Prep Kit
646 (2)
Bleeding
648 (28)
Bleeding
650 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
650 (3)
The Heart
650 (1)
Blood Vessels and Blood
651 (2)
Pathophysiology and Perfusion
653 (1)
External Bleeding
654 (13)
The Significance of Bleeding
654 (1)
Characteristics of Bleeding
655 (1)
Patient Assessment
656 (1)
Scene Size-up
656 (1)
Initial Assessment
657 (1)
General Impression
657 (1)
Airway and Breathing
657 (1)
Circulation
657 (1)
Transport Decision
657 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
658 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam Versus Focused Physical Exam
658 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
658 (1)
SAMPLE History
658 (1)
Interventions
658 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
659 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
659 (1)
Communication and Documentation
659 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
659 (1)
Basic Methods
659 (1)
Special Techniques
660 (6)
Bleeding from the Nose, Ears, and Mouth
666 (1)
Internal Bleeding
667 (7)
Mechanism of Injury
668 (1)
Nature of Illness
668 (1)
Signs and Symptoms
668 (1)
Patient Assessment
669 (1)
Scene Size-up
669 (1)
Initial Assessment
669 (1)
General Impression
669 (1)
Airway and Breathing
669 (1)
Circulation
669 (1)
Transport Decision
669 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
669 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam Versus Focused Physical Exam
670 (1)
Interventions
670 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
670 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
670 (1)
Communication and Documentation
670 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
670 (4)
Prep Kit
674 (2)
Shock
676 (20)
Shock
678 (1)
Perfusion
678 (2)
Causes of Shock
680 (4)
Cardiovascular Causes of Shock
681 (1)
Pump Failure
681 (1)
Poor Vessel Function
682 (1)
Content Failure
682 (1)
Combined Vessel and Content Failure
682 (1)
Noncardiovascular Causes of Shock
683 (1)
Respiratory Insufficiency
683 (1)
Anaphylactic Shock
683 (1)
Psychogenic Shock
683 (1)
The Progression of Shock
684 (1)
Assessment of Shock
685 (1)
Scene Size-up
685 (1)
Initial Assessment
685 (1)
General Impression
685 (1)
Airway and Breathing
685 (1)
Circulation
685 (1)
Transport Decision
685 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
685 (1)
Rapid or Focused Physical Exam
685 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
686 (1)
SAMPLE History
686 (1)
Interventions
686 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
686 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
686 (1)
Communication and Documentation
686 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
686 (8)
Treating Cardiogenic Shock
688 (2)
Treating Neurogenic Shock
690 (1)
Treating Hypovolemic Shock
690 (1)
Treating Septic Shock
690 (1)
Treating Respiratory Insufficiency
691 (1)
Treating Anaphylactic Shock
691 (1)
Treating Psychogenic Shock
691 (3)
Prep Kit
694 (2)
Soft-Tissue Injuries
696 (38)
Soft-Tissue Injuries
698 (1)
The Anatomy and Function of the Skin
698 (1)
Anatomy of the Skin
698 (1)
Functions of the Skin
699 (1)
Types of Soft-Tissue Injuries
699 (1)
Closed Injuries
700 (4)
Assessment of Closed Injuries
701 (1)
Scene Size-up
701 (1)
Initial Assessment
701 (1)
General Impression
701 (1)
Airway and Breathing
702 (1)
Circulation
702 (1)
Transport Decision
702 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
702 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
702 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam
702 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
702 (1)
SAMPLE History
703 (1)
Interventions
703 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
703 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
703 (1)
Communication and Documentation
703 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
703 (1)
Open Injuries
704 (7)
Assessment of Open Injuries
707 (1)
Scene Size-up
707 (1)
Initial Assessment
708 (1)
General Impression
708 (1)
Airway and Breathing
708 (1)
Circulation
708 (1)
Transport Decision
709 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
709 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
709 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam
709 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
709 (1)
SAMPLE History
709 (1)
Interventions
709 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
710 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
710 (1)
Communication and Documentation
710 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
710 (1)
Abdominal Wounds
711 (2)
Impaled Objects
713 (1)
Amputations
714 (1)
Neck Injuries
714 (1)
Burns
715 (7)
Burn Severity
715 (1)
Depth
716 (1)
Extent
716 (2)
Assessment of Burns
718 (1)
Scene Size-up
718 (1)
Initial Assessment
718 (1)
General Impression
718 (1)
Airway and Breathing
719 (1)
Circulation
719 (1)
Transport Decision
719 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
719 (1)
Rapid or Focused Physical Exam
719 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs and SAMPLE History
719 (1)
Interventions
719 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
720 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
720 (1)
Communication and Documentation
720 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
720 (2)
Chemical Burns
722 (3)
Electrical Burns
723 (2)
Bites
725 (1)
Small Animal Bites and Rabies
725 (1)
Human Bites
726 (1)
Dressing and Bandaging
726 (5)
Sterile Dressings
726 (1)
Bandages
727 (4)
Prep Kit
731 (3)
Eye Injuries
734 (22)
Eye Injuries
736 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye
736 (1)
Assessment of Eye Injuries
737 (3)
Scene Size-up
738 (1)
Initial Assessment
738 (1)
General Impression
738 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
738 (1)
Transport Decision
739 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
739 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam
739 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
739 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
739 (1)
SAMPLE History
739 (1)
Interventions
740 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
740 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
740 (1)
Communication and Documentation
740 (1)
Emergency Care
740 (9)
Foreign Objects
741 (2)
Burns of the Eye
743 (1)
Chemical Burns
743 (1)
Thermal Burns
744 (1)
Light Burns
745 (1)
Lacerations
746 (1)
Blunt Trauma
747 (2)
Eye Injuries Following Head Injury
749 (1)
Contact Lenses and Artificial Eyes
749 (4)
Prep Kit
753 (3)
Face and Throat Injuries
756 (20)
Face and Throat Injuries
758 (1)
Anatomy of the Head and Neck
758 (2)
Injuries of the Face
760 (1)
Soft-Tissue Injuries
760 (1)
Assessment of Face and Throat Injuries
761 (3)
Scene Size-up
761 (1)
Initial Assessment
761 (1)
General Impression
761 (1)
Airway and Breathing
762 (1)
Circulation
762 (1)
Transport Decision
762 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
762 (1)
Focused Physical Exam Versus Rapid Trauma Assessment
762 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
763 (1)
SAMPLE History
763 (1)
Interventions
763 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
763 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
763 (1)
Communication and Documentation
763 (1)
Emergency Care
764 (1)
Specific Injuries
765 (8)
Injuries of the Nose
765 (1)
Injuries of the Ear
766 (1)
Facial Fractures
767 (1)
Injuries of the Neck
767 (1)
Blunt Injuries
768 (1)
Penetrating Injuries
769 (4)
Prep Kit
773 (3)
Chest Injuries
776 (20)
Chest Injuries
778 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest
778 (1)
Mechanics of Ventilation
779 (1)
Injuries of the Chest
780 (1)
Signs and Symptoms
780 (1)
Assessment of Chest Injuries
781 (3)
Scene Size-up
781 (1)
Initial Assessment
782 (1)
General Impression
782 (1)
Airway and Breathing
782 (1)
Circulation
782 (1)
Transport Decision
782 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
783 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam Versus Focused Physical Exam
783 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
783 (1)
SAMPLE History
783 (1)
Interventions
783 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
783 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
784 (1)
Communication and Documentation
784 (1)
Complications of Chest Injuries
784 (4)
Pneumothorax
784 (2)
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
786 (1)
Tension Pneumothorax
786 (1)
Hemothorax
786 (1)
Rib Fractures
787 (1)
Flail Chest
787 (1)
Other Chest Injuries
788 (5)
Pulmonary Contusion
788 (1)
Traumatic Asphyxia
788 (1)
Blunt Myocardial Injury
789 (1)
Pericardial Tamponade
789 (1)
Laceration of the Great Vessels
789 (4)
Prep Kit
793 (3)
Abdomen and Genitalia Injuries
796 (22)
Abdomen and Genitalia Injuries
798 (1)
The Anatomy of the Abdomen
798 (1)
Injuries to the Abdomen
799 (1)
Signs and Symptoms
800 (1)
Types of Abdominal Injuries
800 (4)
Blunt Abdominal Wounds
800 (1)
Injuries From Seat Belts and Airbags
801 (1)
Penetrating Abdominal Injuries
802 (1)
Abdominal Evisceration
802 (2)
Assessment of Abdominal Injuries
804 (3)
Scene Size-up
804 (1)
Initial Assessment
804 (1)
General Impression
804 (1)
Airway and Breathing
805 (1)
Circulation
805 (1)
Transport Decision
805 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
805 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam for Significant MOI
806 (1)
Focused Physical Exam for Nonsignificant MOI
806 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
806 (1)
SAMPLE History
806 (1)
Interventions
806 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
806 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
807 (1)
Communication and Documentation
807 (1)
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System
807 (2)
Injuries of the Genitourinary System
809 (3)
Injuries of the Kidney
809 (1)
Injuries to the Urinary Bladder
809 (1)
Injuries of the External Male Genitalia
809 (1)
Injuries of the Female Genitalia
810 (1)
Internal Female Genitalia
810 (1)
External Female Genitalia
811 (1)
Rectal Bleeding
811 (1)
Sexual Assault
812 (3)
Prep Kit
815 (3)
Musculoskeletal Care
818 (52)
Musculoskeletal Care
820 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System
820 (2)
Muscles
820 (1)
The Skeleton
821 (1)
Musculoskeletal Injuries
822 (7)
Mechanism of Injury
824 (1)
Fractures
824 (1)
Deformity
825 (1)
Tenderness
825 (1)
Guarding
826 (1)
Swelling
826 (1)
Bruising
826 (1)
Crepitus
827 (1)
False Motion
827 (1)
Exposed Fragments
827 (1)
Pain
827 (1)
Locked Joint
828 (1)
Dislocations
828 (1)
Sprains
828 (1)
Compartment Syndrome
829 (1)
Assessing the Severity of Injury
829 (1)
Assessing Musculoskeletal Injuries
830 (6)
Scene Size-up
830 (1)
Initial Assessment
830 (1)
General Impression
830 (1)
Airway and Breathing
830 (1)
Circulation
830 (1)
Transport Decision
831 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
831 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam for Significant Trauma
831 (1)
Focused Physical Exam for Nonsignificant Trauma
832 (2)
Baseline Vital Signs
834 (1)
SAMPLE History
834 (1)
Interventions
835 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
835 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
835 (1)
Communication and Documentation
835 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
836 (12)
Splinting
836 (1)
General Principles of Splinting
836 (2)
General Principles of In-line Traction Splinting
838 (1)
Rigid Splints
838 (2)
Formable Splints
840 (1)
Traction Splints
841 (5)
Hazards of Improper Splinting
846 (1)
Transportation
847 (1)
Specific Musculoskeletal Injuries
848 (18)
Injuries of the Clavicle and Scapula
848 (2)
Dislocation of the Shoulder
850 (1)
Fracture of the Humerus
851 (1)
Elbow Injuries
852 (1)
Fracture of the Distal Humerus
852 (1)
Dislocation of the Elbow
852 (1)
Elbow Joint Sprain
852 (1)
Fracture of the Olecranon Process of the Ulna
852 (1)
Fractures of the Radial Head
852 (1)
Care of Elbow Injuries
852 (2)
Fractures of the Forearm
854 (1)
Injuries of the Wrist and Hand
854 (2)
Fractures of the Pelvis
856 (1)
Dislocation of the Hip
857 (1)
Fractures of the Proximal Femur
858 (1)
Femoral Shaft Fractures
859 (1)
Injuries of Knee Ligaments
859 (1)
Dislocation of the Knee
860 (1)
Fractures About the Knee
860 (1)
Dislocation of the Patella
860 (1)
Injuries of the Tibia and Fibula
861 (1)
Ankle Injuries
862 (1)
Foot Injuries
862 (4)
Prep Kit
866 (4)
Head and Spine Injuries
870 (42)
Head and Spine Injuries
872 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System
872 (4)
Central Nervous System
872 (1)
Protective Coverings
872 (2)
Peripheral Nervous System
874 (1)
How the Nervous System Works
874 (2)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Skeletal System
876 (1)
Head Injuries
877 (3)
Scalp Lacerations
877 (1)
Skull Fracture
878 (1)
Brain Injuries
879 (1)
Concussion
879 (1)
Contusion
879 (1)
Intracranial Bleeding
879 (1)
Other Brain Injuries
879 (1)
Complications of Head Injury
880 (1)
Signs and Symptoms of Head Injury
880 (1)
Spine Injuries
880 (1)
Assessment of Head and Spine Injuries
880 (8)
Scene Size-up
881 (1)
Initial Assessment
881 (1)
General Impression
881 (1)
Airway and Breathing
882 (1)
Circulation
883 (1)
Transport Decision
883 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
883 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam for Significant Trauma
884 (1)
Focused Physical Exam for Nonsignificant Trauma
884 (2)
Baseline Vital Signs
886 (1)
SAMPLE History
886 (1)
Interventions
886 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
887 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
887 (1)
Communication and Documentation
887 (1)
Emergency Medical Care of Spinal Injuries
888 (2)
Managing the Airway
888 (1)
Stabilization of the Cervical Spine
889 (1)
Emergency Medical Care of Head Injuries
890 (1)
Managing the Airway
890 (1)
Circulation
891 (1)
Preparation for Transport
891 (9)
Supine Patients
891 (2)
Sitting Patients
893 (1)
Standing Patients
894 (2)
Immobilization Devices
896 (2)
Cervical Collars
898 (1)
Short Backboards
898 (2)
Long Backboards
900 (1)
Helmet Removal
900 (8)
Preferred Method
901 (1)
Alternate Method
902 (6)
Prep Kit
908 (4)
Section 6: Special Populations
912 (108)
Pediatric Emergencies
914 (26)
Pediatrics
916 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology
916 (2)
Growth and Development
918 (3)
The Infant
918 (1)
Toddlers
918 (1)
The Preschool-Age Child
919 (1)
The School-Age Child
920 (1)
Adolescents
920 (1)
Family Matters
921 (1)
Pediatric Emergencies
921 (3)
Dehydration
921 (1)
Fever
921 (1)
Meningitis
922 (1)
Seizures
923 (1)
Febrile Seizures
923 (1)
Poisoning
923 (1)
Pediatric Trauma
924 (1)
Physical Differences
924 (1)
Psychological Differences
924 (1)
Injury Patterns
925 (1)
Automobile Collisions
925 (1)
Sports Activities
925 (1)
Injuries to Specific Body Systems
925 (2)
Head Injuries
925 (1)
Chest Injuries
925 (1)
Abdominal Injuries
925 (1)
Injuries of the Extremities
926 (1)
Other Considerations
926 (1)
Pneumatic Antishock Garments
926 (1)
Burns
927 (1)
Submersion Injury
927 (1)
Child Abuse
927 (3)
Signs of Abuse
927 (1)
Bruises
928 (1)
Burns
928 (1)
Fractures
928 (1)
Shaken Baby Syndrome
928 (1)
Neglect
929 (1)
Symptoms and Other Indicators of Abuse
929 (1)
Sexual Abuse
929 (1)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
930 (3)
Assessment and Management
930 (1)
Communication and Support of the Family
930 (1)
Scene Assessment
930 (1)
Apparent Life-Threatening Event
931 (1)
Death of a Child
932 (1)
Infants and Children With Special Needs
933 (3)
Tracheostomy Tubes
933 (1)
Artificial Ventilators
934 (1)
Central IV Lines
934 (1)
Gastrostomy Tubes
934 (1)
Shunts
935 (1)
Prep Kit
936 (4)
Pediatric Assessment and Management
940 (44)
Pediatric Assessment and Management
942 (8)
Scene Size-up
942 (1)
Initial Assessment
942 (1)
General Impression
942 (1)
Pediatric Assessment Triangle
943 (1)
Appearance
943 (1)
Work of Breathing
944 (1)
Circulation to the Skin
944 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
944 (1)
Airway Assessment
944 (1)
Breathing Assessment
945 (1)
Circulatory Assessment
946 (1)
Transport Decision
946 (1)
Transportation
947 (1)
Transition Phase
947 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
947 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
948 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam
948 (1)
Pediatric Vital Signs
948 (1)
SAMPLE History
949 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
949 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
950 (1)
The Pediatric Airway
950 (4)
Positioning the Airway
950 (1)
Airway Adjuncts
950 (1)
Oropharyngeal Airway
951 (1)
Nasopharyngeal Airway
952 (2)
Assisting Ventilation and Oxygenation
954 (1)
Oxygen Delivery Devices
954 (4)
Nonrebreathing Mask
955 (1)
Blow-by Technique
955 (1)
Nasal Cannula
956 (1)
BVM Device
956 (1)
One-rescuer BVM Ventilation
957 (1)
Two-rescuer BVM Ventilation
958 (1)
Airway Obstruction
958 (5)
Signs and Symptoms
959 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
959 (1)
Management of Airway Obstruction in a Child
959 (3)
Management of Airway Obstruction in an Infant
962 (1)
Neonatal Resuscitation
963 (1)
Additional Resuscitation Efforts
964 (1)
Basic Life Support Review
964 (6)
Determining Responsiveness
965 (1)
Airway
966 (1)
Head Tilt-Chin Lift Technique
966 (1)
Jaw-Thrust Maneuver
967 (1)
Breathing
967 (1)
Circulation
968 (1)
AED Usage in Children
969 (1)
Cardiopulmonary Arrest
970 (1)
Pediatric Trauma
971 (1)
Immobilization
971 (4)
Management of Pediatric Injuries
975 (1)
Pediatric Medical Emergencies
975 (5)
Respiratory Emergencies
975 (1)
Signs and Symptoms
975 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
976 (1)
Shock
976 (1)
Seizures
977 (1)
Febrile Seizures
978 (1)
Emergency Medical Care
978 (1)
Dehydration
978 (2)
Prep Kit
980 (4)
Geriatric Emergencies
984 (18)
Geriatrics
986 (1)
Communication and the Older Adult
986 (1)
Communication Techniques
986 (1)
The GEMS Diamond
987 (1)
Leading Causes of Death
988 (1)
Physiologic Changes That Accompany Age
988 (3)
Skin
988 (1)
Senses
989 (1)
Respiratory System
989 (1)
Cardiovascular System
989 (1)
Renal System
989 (1)
Nervous System
989 (1)
Musculoskeletal System
990 (1)
Gastrointestinal System
990 (1)
Polypharmacy
991 (1)
Impact of Aging on Trauma
991 (1)
Falls and Trauma
991 (1)
Impact of Aging on Medical Emergencies
992 (2)
Syncope
992 (1)
Heart Attack
992 (1)
Acute Abdomen
992 (2)
Altered Mental Status
994 (1)
Impact of Aging on Psychiatric Emergencies
994 (1)
Depression
994 (1)
Suicide
995 (1)
Advance Directives
995 (1)
Elder Abuse
996 (3)
Assessment of Elder Abuse
996 (1)
Signs of Physical Abuse
997 (2)
Prep Kit
999 (3)
Geriatric Assessment and Management
1002 (18)
Geriatric Assessment and Management
1004 (1)
Assessing an Older Patient
1004 (4)
Scene Size-up
1004 (1)
Initial Assessment
1005 (1)
General Impression
1005 (1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation
1005 (1)
Transport Decision
1005 (1)
Focused History and Physical Exam
1005 (1)
SAMPLE History
1006 (1)
Communicating With an Older Patient
1006 (1)
Medication Use
1007 (1)
Focused Physical Exam
1007 (1)
Rapid Physical Exam
1007 (1)
Baseline Vital Signs
1008 (1)
Detailed Physical Exam
1008 (1)
Ongoing Assessment
1008 (1)
Common Complaints of Older Patients
1008 (1)
Geriatric Trauma
1008 (5)
Mechanism of Injury
1008 (1)
Trauma Assessment
1008 (1)
Injuries to the Spine
1009 (3)
Head Injuries
1012 (1)
Injuries to the Pelvis
1012 (1)
Hip Fractures
1013 (1)
Geriatric Medical Emergencies
1013 (3)
Cardiovascular Emergencies
1015 (1)
Shortness of Breath
1015 (1)
Syncope
1015 (1)
Altered Mental Status
1015 (1)
Acute Abdomen
1015 (1)
Septicemia and Infectious Disease
1015 (1)
Response to Nursing and Skilled Care Facilities
1016 (1)
Prep Kit
1017 (3)
Section 7: Operations
1020 (108)
Ambulance Operations
1022 (36)
Ambulance Operations
1024 (1)
Emergency Vehicle Design
1024 (2)
Phases of an Ambulance Call
1026 (14)
The Preparation Phase
1027 (1)
Medical Equipment
1028 (5)
Safety and Operations Equipment
1033 (1)
Personnel
1034 (1)
Daily Inspections
1034 (1)
Safety Precautions
1035 (1)
The Dispatch Phase
1035 (1)
En Route to the Scene
1036 (1)
Arrival at the Scene
1036 (1)
Safe Parking
1036 (1)
Traffic Control
1037 (1)
The Transfer Phase
1038 (1)
The Transport Phase
1038 (1)
The Delivery Phase
1038 (1)
En Route to the Station
1039 (1)
The Postrun Phase
1040 (1)
Defensive Ambulance Driving Techniques
1040 (7)
Driver Characteristics
1040 (1)
Safe Driving Practices
1041 (1)
Driver Anticipation
1042 (1)
The Cushion of Safety
1042 (2)
The Problem of Excessive Speed
1044 (1)
Recognition of Siren Syndrome
1044 (1)
Vehicle Size and Distance Judgment
1044 (1)
Road Positioning and Cornering
1044 (1)
Weather and Road Conditions
1044 (2)
Laws and Regulations
1046 (1)
Air Medical Operations
1047 (5)
Helicopter Medical Evacuation Operations
1048 (1)
Calling For a Medivac
1048 (1)
Establishing a Landing Zone
1049 (1)
Landing Zone Safety and Patient Transfer
1049 (2)
Special Considerations
1051 (1)
Night Landings
1051 (1)
Landing on Uneven Ground
1051 (1)
Medivacs at Hazardous Materials Incidents
1051 (1)
Prep Kit
1052 (6)
Gaining Access
1058 (14)
Safety
1058 (1)
Vehicle Safety Systems
1058 (1)
Fundamentals of Extrication
1059 (6)
Preparation
1059 (1)
En Route to the Scene
1059 (1)
Arrival and Scene Size-up
1059 (1)
Hazard Control
1060 (1)
Support Operations
1061 (1)
Gaining Access
1061 (1)
Simple Access
1062 (1)
Complex Access
1062 (1)
Emergency Care
1063 (1)
Disentanglement
1063 (1)
Removal and Transfer
1064 (1)
Termination
1065 (1)
Specialized Rescue Situations
1065 (4)
Technical Rescue Situations
1065 (1)
Lost Person Search and Rescue
1066 (1)
Trench Rescue
1066 (1)
Tactical Emergency Medical Support
1067 (1)
Structure Fires
1068 (1)
Prep Kit
1069 (3)
Special Operations
1072 (26)
Special Operations
1074 (1)
Incident Command Systems
1074 (5)
Components and Structure of an Incident Command System
1074 (5)
Mass-Casualty Incidents
1079 (5)
Triage
1081 (1)
Triage Priorities
1081 (1)
Triage Procedures
1082 (2)
Disaster Management
1084 (1)
Introduction to Hazardous Materials
1085 (9)
Identifying Hazardous Materials
1087 (1)
HazMat Scene Operations
1088 (1)
Classification of Hazardous Materials
1089 (1)
Toxicity Level
1089 (1)
Caring for Patients at a Hazardous Materials Incident
1090 (1)
Special Care
1091 (1)
Resources
1091 (1)
Personal Protective Equipment Level
1092 (2)
Prep Kit
1094 (4)
Response to Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
1098 (30)
Introduction
1100 (1)
What Is Terrorism?
1100 (1)
Weapons of Mass Destruction
1101 (1)
What Are WMDs?
1101 (1)
Chemical Terrorism/Warfare
1102 (1)
Biological Terrorism/Warfare
1102 (1)
Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism
1102 (1)
EMT-B Response to Terrorism
1102 (4)
Recognizing a Terrorist Event (Indicators)
1102 (2)
Response Actions
1104 (1)
Scene Safety
1104 (1)
Responder Safety (Personnel Protection)
1104 (1)
Notification Procedures
1105 (1)
Establishing Command
1105 (1)
Secondary Device or Event (Reassessing Scene Safety)
1106 (1)
Chemical Agents
1106 (6)
Vesicants (Blister Agents)
1107 (1)
Vesicant Agent Treatment
1107 (1)
Pulmonary Agents (Choking Agents)
1108 (1)
Pulmonary Agent Treatment
1108 (1)
Nerve Agents
1108 (2)
Nerve Agent Treatment (MARK 1/NAAK)
1110 (1)
Industrial Chemicals/Insecticides
1111 (1)
Metabolic Agents (Cyanides)
1112 (1)
Biological Agents
1112 (8)
Viruses
1113 (1)
Smallpox
1113 (1)
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHF)
1114 (1)
Bacteria
1115 (1)
Inhalation and Cutaneous Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
1115 (1)
Plague (Bubonic/Pneumonic)
1115 (2)
Neurotoxins
1117 (1)
Botulinum Toxin
1117 (1)
Ricin
1117 (2)
Other EMT-B Roles During a Biological Event
1119 (1)
Syndromic Surveillance
1119 (1)
Points of Distribution (Strategic National Stockpile)
1119 (1)
Radiological/Nuclear Devices
1120 (3)
What Is Radiation?
1120 (1)
Sources of Radiological Material
1120 (1)
Radiological Dispersal Devices (RDD)
1120 (1)
Nuclear Energy
1120 (1)
Nuclear Weapons
1120 (1)
Symptomatology
1120 (2)
Medical Management
1122 (1)
Protective Measures
1122 (1)
Prep Kit
1123 (5)
Section 8: ALS Techniques
1128 (2)
Advanced Airway Management
1130 (34)
Advanced Airway Management
1132 (1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Airway
1132 (2)
Basic Airway Management
1134 (1)
Gastric Tubes
1134 (1)
The Sellick Maneuver
1135 (2)
Endotracheal Intubation
1137 (15)
Orotracheal Intubation
1137 (1)
Equipment
1138 (1)
Laryngoscope
1139 (1)
Lighted Stylet
1140 (1)
ET Tubes
1140 (2)
Stylet
1142 (1)
Syringe
1143 (1)
Other Equipment
1143 (1)
The Intubation Procedure
1144 (1)
Visualized (Oral) Intubation
1144 (3)
Blind (Nasal) Intubation
1147 (3)
Complications
1150 (1)
Intubating the Right Mainstem Bronchus
1150 (1)
Intubating the Esophagus
1150 (1)
Aggravating a Spinal Injury
1151 (1)
Increased Hypoxia: Taking Too Long to Intubate
1151 (1)
Patient Vomiting
1151 (1)
Soft-Tissue Trauma
1151 (1)
Mechanical Failure
1151 (1)
Patient Intolerant of the ET Tube
1151 (1)
Decrease in Heart Rate
1151 (1)
Multilumen Airways
1152 (8)
Esophageal Tracheal Combitube
1152 (1)
Contraindications
1153 (1)
Inserting the ETC
1153 (1)
Removing the ETC
1154 (1)
Pharyngeotracheal Lumen Airway
1154 (1)
Contraindications
1155 (1)
Inserting the PtL
1155 (1)
Removing the PtL
1156 (1)
Laryngeal Mask Airway
1156 (1)
Contraindications
1156 (1)
Inserting the LMA
1156 (4)
Prep Kit
1160 (4)
Assisting With Intravenous Therapy
1164 (16)
Introduction
1166 (1)
IV Techniques and Administration
1166 (4)
Assembling Your Equipment
1166 (1)
Choosing an IV Solution
1166 (1)
Choosing an Administration Set
1167 (1)
Preparing an Administration Set
1168 (1)
Catheters
1168 (2)
Securing the Line
1170 (1)
Alternative IV Sites and Techniques
1170 (2)
Possible Complications of IV Therapy
1172 (3)
Local IV Site Reactions
1172 (1)
Infiltration
1172 (1)
Phlebitis
1172 (1)
Occlusion
1172 (1)
Vein Irritation
1172 (1)
Hematoma
1173 (1)
Systemic Complications
1173 (1)
Allergic Reactions
1173 (1)
Air Embolus
1174 (1)
Catheter Shear
1174 (1)
Circulatory Overload
1174 (1)
Vasovagal Reactions
1174 (1)
Troubleshooting
1175 (1)
Age-Specific Considerations
1175 (2)
IV Therapy for Pediatric Patients
1175 (1)
IV Therapy for Geriatric Patients
1175 (2)
Prep Kit
1177 (3)
Assisting With Cardiac Monitoring
1180 (2)
Cardiac Monitoring
1182 (1)
Electrical Conduction System of the Heart
1182 (2)
The Process of Electrical Conduction
1182 (2)
Electrodes and Waves
1184 (1)
The ECG Complex
1184 (1)
ECG Paper
1185 (1)
Normal Sinus Rhythm
1185 (1)
The Formation of the ECG
1185 (2)
Arrhythmias
1187 (4)
Sinus Bradycardia
1187 (1)
Sinus Tachycardia
1187 (1)
Ventricular Tachycardia
1188 (1)
Ventricular Fibrillation
1188 (1)
Asystole
1189 (2)
Assisting With Cardiac Monitoring
1191 (1)
Cardiac Monitors
1191 (1)
The 12-Lead System
1191 (1)
Lead Placement
1191 (2)
Troubleshooting Lead Placement
1192 (1)
Prep Kit
1193
Appendix A BLS Review 2 (1)
Index 2 (1)
Photo Credits 2