From novice to expert : excellence and power in clinical nursing practice / Patricia Benner.

Includes index.

Bibliography: p. 285-290.

1. Uncovering the knowledge embedded in clinical nursing practice--Differences between practical and theoretical knowledge--Knowledge embedded in Expertise--Extending practical knowledge--Common meanings--Assumptions, expectations, and sets--Paradigm cases and personal knowledge--Maxims--Unplanned practices--Summary and conclusions--2. The Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition Applied to Nursing--Methods--Interpretation of Data-- Stage 1: Novice--Stage 2: Advanced beginner--Stage 3: Competent--Stage 4: Proficient--Stage 5: Expert--The meaning of Experience--3. An Interpretative Approach to Identifying and Describing Clinical Knowledge--Performance measurements--Identifying Domains and Competencies--Summary--Domains of nursing practice--4. The Helping Role--The healing relationship: Creating a climate for and establishing a commitment to healing--Providing comfort measures and preserving personhood in the face of pain and extreme breakdown--Presencing: Being with a patient - maximizing the patient\'s participation and control in his or her own recovery--Interpreting kinds of pain and selecting appropriate strategies for pain management and control--Providing comfort and communication through touch -- Providing emotional and informational support to patients\' families--Guiding patients through emotional and developmental change-- Summary and conclusions--5. The Teaching-Coaching Function--Timing: Capturing a patient\'s readiness to learn--Assisting patients to integrate the implications of illness and recovery into their Lifestyles--Eliciting and understanding the patient\'s interpretation of his illness--Providing an interpretation of the patient\'s condition and giving a rationale for procedures--The coaching function: Making culturally avoided aspects of an illness approachable and understandable--Summary and conclusions--6. The diagnostic and monitoring Function--Detection and Documentation of significant changes in a Patient\'s condition--Providing an early warning signal: Anticipating breakdown and deterioration prior to explicit confirming diagnostic signs--Anticipating problems: Future think--Understanding the particular demands and experiences of an illness: Anticipating patient care needs--Assessing the patient\'s potential for wellness and for responding to various treatment strategies--Summary and conclusions--7. Effective management of papidly changing situations--Skilled performance in extreme life-threatening emergencies: rapid grasp of a Problem--Contingency management: Rapid matching of demands and resources in emergency situations--Identifying and managing a patient crisis until physician assistance is available--Summary and conclusions--8. Administering and monitoring therapeutic interventions and regimens--Starting and maintaining intravenous therapy with minimal risk and complications--Administering medications accurately and safely--Combating the hazards of immobility--Creating a wound-management strategy that fosters healing, comfort, and appropriate drainage--Summary and conclusions--9. Monitoring and ensuring the quality of health care practices--Providing a backup system to ensure safe medical and nursing care--Assessing what can be safely omitted from or added to medical orders--Getting appropriate and timely responses from physicians--Summary and conclusions---10. Organizational and work-role competencies--Coordinating, ordering, and meeting multiple patient needs and requests: setting priorities-- Building and maintaining a therapeutic team to provide optimum therapy--Coping with staff shortages and high turnover--Summary and conclusions--11. Implications for research and clinical practice--Involvement versus distance--Nurse-patient relationships--Early warning signals--Outside the boundaries of nursing--Monitoring and organizational skills--The phenomenon of caring--12. Implications for career development and education--Career development--Nursing education--13. The quest for a new identity and new entitlement in nursing--Meaningful incentives and reward systems--A clinical promotion system--Increased collaborative relationships--Increased recognition--14. Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice--Transformative power--Integrative caring--Advocacy-- Healing power--Participative/Affirmative power--Problem solving.