Successful breastfeeding / Royal College of Midwives.

Previous ed.: 1991.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Why Breastfeed?:- The limitations of breastmilk substitutes-- Composition--oils--Breastmilk and substitutes compared--Royal College of Midwives comparison chart--Protein--Free amino acids--Cholesterol--Fatty acids--Carbohydrate--Minerals--Trace elements--Bioavailability--Biologically different--Further issues:- Errors during manufacture--Errors during preparation--Controlling intake--Nutritional summary--Immunological factors--Other substances--Disadvantages of bottle-feeding:- Health risks for the child--Disadvantages for the mother--Fertility--The economics of not breastfeeding--2. Understanding how a baby breastfeeds:- Milk production and the role of lactational hormones--Colostrum and milk production in the first week of life--Cololstrum--Milk volume--Milk removal--Feedback inhibition of lactation--Milk release and infant \'sucking\'--Changes in the breast during pregnancy and parturition--Variations in breast size--3. Duration and frequency of feeds:- Duration of feeds--Frequency of feeds--Initiation of breastfeeding--Range of feed frequencies from the first week onwards--Variability in intake/infant appetite--4. Correct positioning and attachment of the baby at the breast:- Introduction--The different appearances of breast - and bottle feeding -- When to offer help to the mother--Steps to achieving correct attachment--Indications that the baby is properly attached--Ways in which the midwife can help directly--Postural considerations--Suggestions for the first feed--Helping the mother to feed lying down--Helping the mother to feed sitting up--Position and posture of the midwife--5. Factors that have been shown to help:- Advice and support at the first feed--Unrestricted feeds--Unrestricted duratiuon of feeds--Unrestricted frequency of feeds--Feeding the baby at night--The value of night feeds--Rooming in--Bedding-in--The mother\'s sleep--Monitoring the baby\'s health and well-being--weight--weight gain--weight variations--Stools--General health--6. Factors that have been shown to be unhelpful:- Additional fluids for breastfed babies--Dehydration--Jaundice--Hypoglycaemia--Hazards of additional fluids--Test weighing--Unsubstantiated \'advice\' to mothers in relation to food, drink and rest--Additional fluids for breastfeeding mothers--Additional calories for breastfeeding mothers--Dietary prohibitions for breastfeeding mothers--7. Protecting breastfeeding:- Provision of free sample to mothers--Promotion of breastmilk substitutes--WHO code--Baby-friendly hospital initiative and the Ten Steps--8. Antenatal and postnatal considerations:- Influencing the decision to breastfeed--Antenatal classes--Sustaining the decision to breastfeed--Prevention of feeding problems--Antenatal preparation--Nipple shape--Nipple preparation--Postnatal care of the breasts--Cleanliness--Creams and ointments--Limiting sucking time--Treatment of sore nipples--Resting, expressing and repositioning (reattachment)--Damaged nipples and moist wound healing--Nipple shields--Hand expression--How to help a mother to hand express--Prevention and treatment of engorgement--Vascular engorgement--Milk engorgement--Prevention of engorgement--Treatment--Prevention and treatment of mastitis--Non-infective mastitis--Infective mastitis--Prevention of non-infective mastitis--Treatment of mastitis--9. Notes on less common problems:- Baby vomiting blood or digested blood in stools--Blood in milk or colostrum--Blanching of the nipple (white nipple)--Thrush infection--Contact dermatitis--Diabetes--Epilepsy--Anticoagulant therapy--Other drugs and breastfeeding--Mammary Surgery--Cleft lip--Cleft palate--Down syndrome--Tandem feeding--Breast abscess--Inverted nipples--HIV and breastfeeding--Hepatitis B--Hepatitis C--Herpes simplex infection--10. Breastfeeding under special circumstances:- Preterm infants--HIV and milk banking--Caesarean section--Twins--Triplets-- Establishing lactation with an electric pump--How to help a mother express using an electric pump--Silicone inserts for pump collection kits--Storage of breast milk or colostrum--Alternatives to bottle-feeding--Babies being cared for in units other than maternity units.