Hearing in children / Jerry L. Northern ; with significant contributions from Deborah Hayes.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 607-662) and index.

1. HEARING AND HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN:- Hearing Loss in children - A hidden disability--How we hear--The nature of hearing loss--Demographics of childhood hearing loss--Acoustics of Speech--Team management of children with hearing loss--Audiologists with specialty training in pediatric hearing loss--2. EARLY DEVELOPMENT:- Basic principles of genetic inheritance--Inheritance of genetic disorders--Abnormalities related to Gene/Environment interaction--Prenatal development--Fetal development--Development of ears, face and palate--The nursery Environment--Disorders of the infant respiratory system--Disorders of the cardiovascular system--Disorders of the central nervous system--Congenital infections--Genetic counseling--3. AUDITORY AND SPEECH-LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT:- Neuroplasticity--Prenatal hearing--Neonatal hearing development--Development of Oral communication--Questionnaires for parents--Studies of speech development--Optimal periods--Listening--Auditory processing in children--4. MEDICAL ASPECTS:- Medical assessment of newborn infants--Medical conditions of the external ear--Otitis media--Medical disorders and sensorineural hearing loss--Childhood infections associated with hearing loss--Cleft Palate--Down Syndrome--Austin Spectrum Disorder (ASD)--Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)--5. EARLY INTERVENTION:- Early intervention services--Implementation of early intervention--Federal mandates--Cornerstones of early intervention--Optimal Early intervention Strategies--Family-centered services--Breaking the news to parents--The Audiologist\'s self-understanding--Intervention strategies for the child with Otitis Media--Telepractice and teleaudiology--Hearing dogs--6. BEHAVIORAL HEARING TESTS:- The Audiologist and the child--The case history--Reinforcement theory--Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA): 6 months to 2 years of age--Conditioned play audiometry with children ages 2 to 4 years--Pediatric speech audiometry--Speech perception testing--Hearing testing of the older child ( 5 years and older)--Evaluating hearing of difficult-to-test children--Functional Hearing Loss in children--7. PHYSIOLOGIC HEARING TESTS:- Managing toddlers for Physiologic hearing tests--Acoustic Immittance measures--Clinical applications of the Immittance Battery with children--Otoacoustic emissions--Evoked auditory responses--Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR)--Auditory middle-latency evoked response(MLR)--Late auditory evoked potentials (AEPs)--Auditory steady-state response (ASSR)--Electrocochleography--Sedation--Vestibular evaluation in children--Summary of Physiologic auditory testing--8. HEARING SCREENING:- Principles of screening--Genetic screening--History of newborn hearing screening--Universal newborn hearing screening--Hearing screening: birth through 6 months--Hearing screening: infants and toddlers (7 months to 3 years)--Hearing screening: Preschool children (3 to 5 years)--Hearing screening: School-age children (5 to 18 years)--Screening for Middle ear disorders--Hearing screening of the developmentally delayed child--Screening follow-up issues--9. AMPLIFICATION:- Pediatric hearing aid fittings--The hearing aid--Hearing aids for children--The pediatric hearing aid fitting process--Probe microphone measurements--Prescriptive fitting methods--Binaural hearing aids--Frequency response--Hearing aid output--The earmold and sound channel--Monitoring children\'s hearing aids--Pediatric cochlear implants--10. EDUCATION:- The education audiologist--Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)--Educational goals for the child with hearing loss--Current status of education--Challenges in teaching deaf and hearing-impaired students--Implementing the individualized educational Plan (IEP)--Educational Methodologies--Mainstream education--Classroom Acoustics--Personal FM systems--Parent education.