Anatomy and physiology of hearing for audiologists / William W. Clark, Kevin K. Ohlemiller.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

16. Vestibular System Function: From Physiology to Pathology:- Vestibular system structure--Semicircular canal function--Otolith function--Central vestibular nuclei--Vestibular gaze stabilization--Vestibulospinal and vestibulocollic network--Vestibulo-thalamo-cortical network--Vestibular testing--Vestibular pathology--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--PART III: PATHOLOGY OF HEARING:- 17. Pathology of the Middle Ear:- Manifestations of middle ear disease--Common Diseases of the middle ear--Bacterial biofilms in chronic middle ear disease--Effects of disease on mechanics of the middle ear--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--18. Noise-induced hearing loss:- Historical perspective--Temporary threshold shifts--Permanent threshold shifts--Studies of occupational noise exposure--Characteristics of occupational noise-induced hearing loss--Mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss--Acoustic trauma--Key terms--Study questions--19. Ototoxin-Induced Hearing Loss:- Aminoglycoside Antibiotics--Antineoplastic agents--Loop Diuretics--Salicylates--Quinine and related drugs--Erythromycin and related antibiotics--Erythromycin analogues--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--20. Genetic Aspects of Hearing Loss:- Incidence versus prevalence of genetic hearing loss--What are Genes?--Types of genes--The Genetic code--Gene structure--Chromosomes as Gene lirraries--DNA instability and mutation--Duplication and recombination errors in meiosis--Classifying traits by inheritance--Variability of phenotype--Syndromic versus nonsyndromic genetic disease--Identifying genetic causes of disease--Naming conventions of genes--Functional classification of genetic deafness--Major known deafness genes--Summary--Key Terms--Study questions--21. Age-Related Hearing Loss:- Aging as a cellular process--Classifying presbycusis--Role of genetics in presbycusis--Central auditory consequences of peripheral degeneration--Age-related central auditory changes--Summary--Key Terms--Study questions--22. Potential Therapies for Hearing Loss: Preventing Hair Cell Death and Promoting Hair Cell Regeneration:- Programmed cell death (apoptosis)--Hair cell regeneration--Summary--Key terms--Study questions.-

PART I: FOUNDATION:-1. Introduction:- Why does an audiology student need to know about the anatomy and physiology of hearing?--Who benefits from this technology?--Part 1: Foundation--Part II: Anatomy and Physiology--Part III: Pathology of hearing--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--2. Basic Acoustics and Noise:- A world of sound--Measurement of sound--Hearing sensitivity--Sound propagation--When is a sound a noise? --Communication in noise--How much noise is too much?--Measurement of noise exposure--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--3. Filters and Spectra:- Spectral processing-- Filters--Filtering by the external and middle ear--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--4. Essentials of cell structure and function: An introduction to cell biology:- Anatomy of the cell--Membrane system--Cytoskeleton--The nucleus--Mitochondria--Additional Organelles--Cell division--Special attributes and cell structures--Cells associate to form complex tissues and organs--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--5. Introduction to Neurons and synapses:- Structure of the Neuron--Functions of Neurons--Neurotransmitters--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--PART II: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:- 6. Development of the ear:- Morphogenesis of the ear--Embryogenesis of external and middle ears--Development of hearing function and behavior--Common defects associated with development--Environmental influence--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--7. Structural and Functional anatomy of the outer and middle ear:- Outer Ear--External auditory meatus--Middle ear--Blood flow and innervation to the Outer and the middle ear--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--8. Cochlear Anatomy:- Gross structure of the middle ear--Fluid spaces in the cochlea--Cochlea duct--Organ of corti--Inner and outer hair cells--Hair cell innervation--Spiral ligament and stria vascularis--Blood supply of the inner ear--Variations in cochlear parameters--Clinical relevance--Summary--Key terms--Study Questions--9. Macromechanics: Basilar Membrane Responses:- Passive mechanics--Basilar membrane vibrations in living subjects: nonlinear and active processes--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--10. Micromechanics: Transduction and Hair Cell Function:- The feed-forward cascade--Feedback loop--Gross reflections of hair cell electrical responses--Summary--Key terms--Study Questions--11. Cochlear afferent neuronal function:- Anatomy of cochlear afferent innervation--Gross measures of afferent neuronal responses--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--12. Cochlear Efferent Anatomy and Function:- Overview--Efferent anatomy--Physiology of the medial efferent pathway--Functional Significance of the Efferent-Mediated reflex--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--13. Otoacoustic Emmissions:- What are otoacoustic emmissions?--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--14. Neuroanatomy of the auditory system:- Nerve cells and tissues--Major divisions of the nervous system--Central auditory pathways--Summary--Key terms--Study questions--15. Functional Organization of the Auditory Central Nervous System:- Organizational and Functional themes of the auditory central nervous system--The cochlear nucleus as anessential hub--Localization pathways--Separate functional pathways ascending from the inferior colliculus--Summary--key terms--Study questions--