Statistics without maths for psychology : using SPSS for Windows /
Christine P. Dancey, John Reidy.
- 3rd ed.
- Harlow : Prentice Hall, 2004.
- xvii, 612 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Previous ed.: 2002.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. VARIABLES AND RESEARCH DESIGN:- Why teach statistics without mathematical formulae?--Variables--Research designs--Between-participants and within-participating designs--SPSS for Windows (SPSSFW)--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References-2. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:- Chapter overview--Samples and populations--Measures of central tendency--Sampling error--SPSSFW: obtaining measures of central tendency--Graphically describing data--SPSSFW: generating graphical descriptives--Scattergrams--SPSSFW: generating scattergrams--Sampling error and relationships between variables-The normal distribution--Variation or spread of distributions--SPSSFW: obtaining measures of variation--Other characteristics of distributions--Non-normal distributions--SPSSFW: displaying the normal curve on histograms--Writing up your descriptive statistics--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References--3. PROBABILITY, SAMPLING AND DISTRIBUTIONS:-Chapter overview--Probability--The standard normal distribution--Applying probability to research--Sampling distributions--Confidence intervals and the standard error--SPSSFW: obtaining confidence intervals--Error bar charts--Overlapping confidence intervals--SPSSFW: generating error bar charts--Confidence intervals around other statistics--SPSSFW: using the results coach--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References--4. HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE:- Chapter overview--Another way of applying probabilities to research: hypothesis testing--Null hypothesis--Logic of null hypothesis testing--The significance level--Statistical significance--The correct interpretation of the p-value--Statistical tests--Type 1 error--Type 11 error-- Why set o at 0.05?--One-tailed and two-tailed hypotheses--Assumptions underlying the use of statistical tests--SPSSFW: Statistics Coach--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References--5. CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS: PEARSON\'S r:- Chapter overview--Bivariate correlations--SPSSFW: bivariate correlations - Pearson\'s r --SPSSFW: obtaining a scattergram matrix--First - and second-order correlations--SPSSFW: partial correlations - Pearson\'s r --Patterns of correlations-- Summary--SPSSFW exercise--Multiple choice questions--References--6. ANALYSES OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO CONDITIONS: the t-test:- Chapter overview--Analysis of two conditions--SPSSFW: for an independent t-test--SPSSFW: two samples repeated-measures design-paired t-test--Summary--SPSSFW exercise--Multiple choice questions--references--7. ISSUES OF SIGNIFICANCE:- Chapter overview--Criterion significance levels--Effect size-- Power--Factors influencing power--Calculating power--Confidence intervals--Summary--Multiple choice questions--References--8. MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION:- Chapter overview--Frequency ( categorical) data--One variable X2 or goodness-of-fit test--SPSSFW: one-variable X2--SPSSFW: one-variable X2; using frequencies different from those expected under the null hypothesis--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References--9. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THREE OR MORE CONDITIONS: one-factor ANOVA:- Chapter overview--Visualising the design--Meaning of analysis of variance--SPSSFW: performing a one-way ANOVA--Descriptive statistics--Planned comparisons--Controlling for multiple testing--Post-hoc tests--Repeated-measures ANOVA--SPSSFW: instructions foR repeated-measures ANOVA--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References.--10. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WITH MORE THAN ONE IV:- Chapter review--Introduction--Sources of variance--Designs suitable for factorial ANOVA--ANOVA terminology--Two between-participants independent variables--SPSSFW: analysis of two between-participants factors--Two within-participants variables--SPSSFW: ANOVA with two within-participants factors--One between- and one within-participants variable--SPSSFW: ANOVA with one between-participants and one within-participants factor--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References--11.REGRESSION ANALYSIS:- Chapter overview--The purpose of linear regression--SPSSFW: drawing the line of best fit--SPSSFW: linear regression analysis--Multiple regression--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References--12. INTRODUCTION TO FACTOR ANALYSIS:- Chapter overview--What is the purpose of factor analysis?--The two main types of factor analysis--Use of factor analysis in psychometrics--Visualising factors--Conceptualising factor analysis--Naming the factors--Loadings of variables on factors--The correlational matrix--The unrotated and rotated matrices--Plotting the variables in factor space--Rotating the matrix--Steps taken in performing a factor analysis--Use of factors or components in further analyses--The meaning of negative loadings--SPSSFW: factor analysis - principal components analysis--Summary--Multiple choice questions--References--13. ANALYSIS OF THREE OR MORE GROUPS PARTIALLING OUT EFFECTS OF A COVARIATE:- Chapter overview--SPSSFW: obtaining a chart of regression lines--Pre-existing groups--Pretest- posttest designs--SPSSFW: obtaining output for an ANCOVA--Summary--SPSSFW exercise--Multiple choice questions--References--14. INTRODUCTION TO MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (MANOVA):- Chapter overview--Multivariate statistics--Why use multivariate analyses of variance?--Multivariate analysis of variance--Logic of MANOVA--Assumptions of MANOVA--Which F-value?--Post-hoc analyses of individual DVs--Correlated Dvs--How to write up these analyses--SPSSFW: conducting MANOVA with one between-participants IV and two DVs--Within- participants designs--SPSSFW: one within-participants IV and two DVs--Summary--SPSSFW exercises--Multiple choice questions--References--15. NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICS:- Chapter overview--Alternative to Pearson\'s r: Spearman\'s rho--SPSSFW: correlational analysis - Spearman\'s rho--SPSSFW exercise--Alternatives to the t-test: Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon--SPSSFW: to-sample test for independent groups - Mann-Whitney--SPSSFW exercise--SPSSFW: two-sample test for repeated measures - Wilcoxon--SPSSFW exercise--Alternatives to ANOVA--SPSSFW: Independent samples test for more than two conditions - Kruskal-Wallis--SPSSFW exercise--SPSSFW: repeate-measures test for more than two conditions - Friedman\'s test--Summary--SPSSFW exercise--Multiple choice questions--References.
'Statistics Without Maths for Psychology' provides an accessible description of key statistical concepts and techniques needed by psychology students, avoiding as much maths as possible.