Nursing research : principles and methods / Denise F. Polit, Bernadette P. Hungler.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

20. Multivariate Statistical Procedures:-Multiple Regression and Correlation--Analysis of covariance--Factor analysis--Other Least-squares Multivariate techniques--Casual modeling--Other multivariate statistical procedures--The computer and multivariate statistics--Tips for using multivariate statistics--Research examples--21. Designing and Implementing a Quantitative Analysis Strategy:- Phases in the analysis of quantitative data--Pre-analysis phase--Preliminary assessments and actions--Principal analyses--Interpretation of results--Tips for developing and implementing an analysis--Research examples--22. The Analysis of Qualitative Data:- Introduction to Qualitative Analysis --Qualitative data management and organization--Analytic procedures--Interpretation of Qualitative Findings--Illustration of Qualitative Analysis Activities--Tips for analyzing qualitative data--Research Examples--23. Computers and Nursing Research:- Introduction to computers--Networks and the internet--Available programs for statistical analysis--Computers and the analysis of qualitative data--Tips for using Computers--PartVI: Communication in the Research Process:- 24. Writing a Research Report:- The research report: content--The style of a research report--Types of research reports--Tips for writing research reports--Summary--25. Evaluating Research Reports:-The research critique--Elements of a research critique--Conclusion--Research Example--26. Utilization of Nursing Research:- What is Research Utilization?--Research utilization in nursing--Barriers to utilizing nursing research--Tips for improving research utilization--The utilization process and criteria for utilization--Research examples--27. Writing a Research Proposal:-Overview of Proposal preparation--Grant applications to the National Institutes of health--Funding for research proposals--Conclusion--Summary--Study activities--Suggested readings.

Part 1:- The Scientific Research Process. --1. Introduction to nursing research--Nursing Research in perspective--Historical evolution of nursing research--Sources of knowledge for nursing--Paradigms for nursing research--The purposes of Nursing Research--Research examples--Summary--Study activities--Suggested readings-- 2. Overview of the research process:- Basic research terminology--Major steps in a quantitative study--Activities in a qualitative study--Research examples--Summary --3. Research problems, research questions and hypotheses:- Overview of research problems--Sources of research problems--Development and refinement of research problems--Communicating the research problem--Research Hypotheses-- Tips on developing research problems, research questions, and hypotheses--Research examples--Part 11: Contexts for Nursing Research:- --4. The knowledge context: Literature Reviews:- Purposes of a literature review--Scope of a literature search--Locating relevant literature for a research review--Reading research reports--Preparing a written literature review--Research examples of research literature reviews--5. Conceptual and Theoretical contexts:- Theories, models and frameworks--The nature of theories and conceptual models--Conceptual models used in nursing research--Testing, using, and developing a theory or framework--Tips on frameworks in nursing studies--Research examples--6. The ethical context of nursing research:-The need for ethical guidelines--The principle of beneficence--The principle of respect for human dignity--The principle of justice--Informed consent--Vulnerable subjects--External reviews and the protection of Human Rights--Tips on addressing ethical issues in a research study--Research examples-- Part 111:- Designs for Nursing Research:- 7. Selecting a Research Design:-Overview of Research Design Types--Characteristics of Good Design--Tips on designing Research--Research examples--Summary --8. Research design for quantitative studies:-Experimental research--Quasi-experimental research--Nonexperimental research--Additional types of quantitative research--Tips for designing quantitative studies-- 9. Research control in quantitative research:- Controlling external factors--Controlling intrinsic factors--Internal validity--External validity--External versus internal validity--Tips for enhancing Research Control--Research example --10. Qualitative research design and approaches:- The design of Qualitative studies--Qualitative research traditions--Other types of qualitative Research--Research Examples--11. Integration of qualitative and quantitative designs:-Rationale for Multimethod research--Applications of multimethod research--Multimethod research designs--Strategies for multimethod research--Obstacles to multimethod research--Tips for conducting multimethod research--Research examples --12. Sampling designs:- Basic sampling concepts in quantitative studies--Nonprobability sampling--Probability sampling--Sample size in quantitative studies--Implementing a sampling plan in quantitative studies--Sampling in qualitative research--Research examples-- Part 1V: Measurement and Data Collection:- 13. Designing and implementing a data collection plan:- Existing data versus new data--Dimensions of Data Collection approaches--Major types of Data collection methods--Developing a data collection plan--Implementing a data collection plan--Tips for developing and implementing data collection plans--Research examples -- 14. Self-Reports:- Unstructured and semi-structured self-report techniques--Structured self-report instruments--Administration of self-report instruments--Questionnaires versus interviews: an assessment--Response biases--Tips for developing Self-report instruments--Research example -- 15. Observational methods:- Observational issues--Observational Methods: Unstructured observations--Observational methods: Structured observations--Mechanical aids in observations--Observer biases--Tips for gathering observational data--Research examples--16. Biophysiologic and other data collection methods:- Biophysiologic measures--Records and available data--Q methodology--Projective techniques--Vignettes--Cognitive and neuropsychological tests--Tips for collecting data with alternative methods--Summary -- 17. Assessing data quality:- Measurement--Reliability of measuring instruments--Validity--Other criteria for assessing quantitative measures--Assessment of qualitative data--Tips for assessing data quality--Research examples-- Part V: The Analysis of Research Data:- Chapter 18. Quantitative analysis: Descriptive statistics:- Levels of measurement--Frequency distributions--Central tendency--Variability--Bivariate descriptive statistics: contingency tables and correlation--The computer and descriptive statistics--Tips for applying levels of measurement and descriptive statistics--Research Example--Summary-