Roadway safety : identifying needs and implementing countermeasures / Brian E. Chandler. [electronic resource]

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Introduction --

2. Identifying safety needs -- 2.1 Understanding the needs -- 2.2 Data needs: it all starts with data -- 2.2.1 Crash history data -- 2.2.2 Roadway data -- 2.2.3 Exposure data -- 2.3 Identifying safety needs: locations --

3. Individual location analysis -- 3.1 Crash report -- 3.1.1 Crash-level data elements -- 3.1.2 Vehicle-level data elements -- 3.1.3 Person-level data elements -- 3.1.4 Telling the story: crash narrative and diagram -- 3.2 Crash history diagram --

4. Countermeasure selection -- 4.1 Criteria for selecting countermeasures -- 4.1.1 Data-supported, established success -- 4.1.2 Local success -- 4.1.3 Engineering judgment -- 4.1.4 Feasibility of implementation -- 4.2 Countermeasures --

5. Intersections -- 5.1 Uncontrolled intersections -- 5.1.1 Sight distance improvements -- 5.1.2 Add traffic control -- 5.2 Two-way stop-controlled intersections -- 5.2.1 Stop condition conspicuity -- 5.2.2 Advanced warning -- 5.2.3 Traffic calming -- 5.2.4 Geometric design -- 5.2.5 Pavement treatments -- 5.2.6 Traffic signal to address unsignalized intersection crashes -- 5.3 Expressway intersections -- 5.3.1 Turn lane design -- 5.3.2 Alternative designs, access control -- 5.3.3 Grade separation -- 5.4 Signalized intersections -- 5.4.1 Traffic signal warrants -- 5.4.2 Traffic signal conspicuity -- 5.4.3 Wayfinding and lane placement -- 5.4.4 Signal timing -- 5.4.5 Left turns -- 5.4.6 Red light running countermeasures -- 5.4.7 Pedestrians at intersections -- 5.5 Alternative intersection solutions -- 5.5.1 Modern roundabout -- 5.5.2 Other intersections -- 5.6 Interchanges -- 5.6.1 Applicable intersection and roadway departure treatments -- 5.6.2 Additional low-cost treatments -- 5.6.3 Alternative interchange designs --

6. Lane departure -- 6.1 Overall approach to lane departure safety -- 6.2 Curve treatments -- 6.2.1 How sharp is the curve? -- 6.2.2 Advance warning -- 6.2.3 In-curve warning -- 6.2.4 Speed reduction -- 6.3 Single vehicle run off road -- 6.3.1 Pavement marking -- 6.3.2 Rumble strips -- 6.3.3 Shoulders -- 6.3.4 Safety edgesm -- 6.3.5 Clear zone -- 6.4 Opposite-direction crashes -- 6.4.1 Centerline pavement marking -- 6.4.2 No passing zones -- 6.4.3 Raised pavement markers -- 6.4.4 Centerline rumble strips -- 6.4.5 Median barriers -- 6.5 Wrong-way direction crashes -- 6.5.1 Signing and pavement marking -- 6.5.2 Active warning -- 6.6 Weather and lighting conditions -- 6.6.1 Wet pavement crashes -- 6.6.2 Dark conditions -- 6.7 Clear zone -- 6.7.1 Flatten slopes -- 6.7.2 Fixed object strategies --

7. Work zones -- 7.1 Who are involved in work zone crashes? -- 7.1.1 Road users in work zones -- 7.1.2 Road workers -- 7.2 Identifying work zone safety issues -- 7.2.1 Safety-related data -- 7.2.1.1 Data collection and analysis -- 7.2.1.2 Challenges to work zone data collection and analysis -- 7.3 Work zone safety issues and solutions -- 7.3.1 General strategies -- 7.3.1.1 Public communication -- 7.3.1.2 Work zone reviews and audits -- 7.3.2 Approaching a work zone -- 7.3.2.1 Road work ahead signing -- 7.3.2.2 Queueing -- 7.3.3 Merge area -- 7.3.3.1 Channelizers and tapers -- 7.3.3.2 Early, late, and dynamic merge -- 7.3.4 Work area -- 7.3.4.1 Work zone speed limits -- 7.3.4.2 Road users -- 7.3.4.3 Work zone personnel -- 7.4 Other work zone types --

8. Countermeasure implementation -- 8.1 Spot location treatments -- 8.1.1 Description, benefits, and disadvantages -- 8.1.2 Tiered countermeasures -- 8.2 Systemic approach -- 8.2.1 Description -- 8.2.1.1 Severe crash locations are random -- 8.2.1.2 Severe crash types are predictable -- 8.2.1.3 Focus on the predictable -- 8.2.2 Benefits of the systemic approach -- 8.2.3 Disadvantages of the systemic approach -- 8.3 Policy-level approach -- 8.4 Comprehensive safety: the 4 Es -- 8.5 Combining approaches --

9. Future of traffic safety -- 9.1 Zero roadway deaths: an attainable goal -- 9.2 Addressing immediate needs -- 9.3 Focusing on safety culture -- 9.3.1 Public agency culture -- 9.3.2 Road user culture -- 9.4 Embracing the future -- 9.4.1 Active transportation and transit -- 9.4.2 Connected vehicles and vehicle-to-infrastructure technologies -- 9.4.3 Autonomous vehicles -- 9.5 Conclusion -- Index.

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This book introduces the basics of safety needs identification, countermeasure selection, and implementation of treatments designed to reduce the number of roadway crashes and resulting injuries and fatalities. It describes the current state of the practice and research regarding finding roadway safety issues, choosing treatments, and implementing their installation. It focuses on crashes occurring at intersections, in work zones, and as the result of a lane departure.

Title from PDF title page (viewed on March 17, 2016).