Psychology for nurses and the caring professions / Sheila Payne and Jan Walker.

Originally published: 1996.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-217) and index.

1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY:- What is psychology?--Psychology in health care--Studying psychology--Application of psychological theories-Behaviourist approaches to dealing with Ann\'s anxiety - Cognitive approaches to Ann\'s anxiety- The psychodynamic approach-Humanistic approaches-Other approaches to understanding psychological problems--What is a psychologist?-The difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist -Educational psychologists-Occupational psychologists-Clinical psychologists-Health psychologists-Summary--Further reading--2. UNDERSTANDING HEALTH AND ILLNESS:- Introduction--Disease and illness--Theoretical perpsectives--Anthropological perspectives--Sociological perspectives--Lay understanding of illness--Social cognition models of health behaviour--Health belief model--Theory of planned behaviour--Advantages and disadvantages of the social cognitive models--Providing health-related advice--Summary--Further reading--3. SELF CONCEPT AND BODY IMAGE:- Introduction-- Children\'s concepts of their bodies, health and illness--Theoretical models of children\'s understanding of health and illness--Scripts and schemes in understanding health care--Self concept--Body image--Stigma--Self-esteem--Interactions between the \'self\' and the social environment--Summary--Further reading--4. THEORIES OF LEARNING: DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS:- Introduction--Background to the development of learning theories--Behaviourist learning theories and behaviourism--Classical conditioning--The importance of fear-reduction in hospital settings--Operant (instrumental) conditioning--Problems with behaviourism--Cognitive reinterpretation of conditioning theories--Probability learning and predictability--Loss of control, learned helplessness and depression--Social learning theory--Observational learning--Self-efficacy and self-esteem--Learning to attribute causes in social situations: Locus of control--Casual attributions, learned helplessness and depression--The origins of locus of control and related concepts--The importance of social skills--A social cognitive-behavioural approach to assist someone to stop smoking, once they have decided that they wish to do so--Summary--Further reading--5. PERCEPTION, MEMORY AND PATIENT INFORMATION-GIVING:- Introduction--Theories of perception--Social perception--Seeing things from a different viewpoint--Personal construct theory--Memory--Attention--Short- and long-term memory Mnemonics--Primacy and recency effects--Forgetting--Mental schemas and scripts--Communicating effectively with patients--Psychoanalytic explanations of forgetting--Memory loss and encoding problems--Summary--Further reading--6. STRESS AND COPING: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH CARE:- Introduction--Theories of stress and coping--A response-based model of stress--A stimulus-based model of stress--A transactional model of stress and coping--Psychological adjustment: Anxiety and depression--Coping with medical procedures--Interpersonal moifiers of stress--Social support--Social network--Types of social support--How does social support work?--The balance of control and support--Interference and anger--Personal characteristics associated with stress--Behaviour patterns--Hardiness--Self-efficacy--Personal control and locus of control--The relationship between psychological concepts and interventions--Stress in the work environment--Summary--Further reading--7. DEVELOPMENT AND LOSS IN SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS:- Introduction--Attachment--Bowlby\'s theory of attachment--The development of attachment--Separation--\'Bonding\'--Attachment behaviour--Primary attachment figure--Attitudes to parenting--Measurement of attachment--Life transitions--Loss, grief and mourning--Theories of loss--Critical evaluation of the assumptions about coping with loss--Anticipatory grief--Helping bereaved people--Summary--Further reading--8. PAIN:- Introduction-- Children: Feeling pain and learning to express pain--Pain as a threat--The gate control theory of pain--The placebo effect--Defining acute and chronic pain--Acute pain:--Preparation for painful procedures-Administration of analgesic drugs in acute pain-Patient-controlled analgesia-Assessing acute pain-The aim of acute pain management-Pain is what the person says it is and exists whenever they say it does-Chronic ppain:- Information-Increasing levels of activity and involvement-The impact of past and present experiences and stressors-The availability of personal pain-controlling strategies-Assessing and treating chronic pain--The role of drugs in chronic pain--The chronic pain patient in hospital--Pain in terminal illness--The control of other unpleasant symptoms--Summary --Further readings--9. SOCIAL PROCESSES IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY:- Introduction--Attitudes and attitude change--Cognitive dissonance--Persuasion--The sender of the message--the nature of the message--Order of presentation--Discrepency between the argument and audience opinion--Complexity and presentation of the message--Censorship, bias or selection--Audience/target effects--Selective attention--Self-esteem and education--Immediacy of action and endurance of the message--Who complies?--Obedience--Conformity--Bystander apathy--Non-verbal behaviour--Role management--Stereotyping, stigma and prejudice--Prejudice and attribution theory--The importance of individualized and holistic care--Leadership--Group interaction--Organizational management and change--Summary--Further reading.